Data collected by Sabita Ranabhat from early Sep 2020 - Jun 2021. It consists of two experiments: one evaluating mobility of Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica after exposure to differently formulated controlled release materials for 0-60 min, and a second experiment looking at median lethal time after exposure to cheesecloth treated with permethrin, deltamethrin, indoxacarb, and dinotefuran between 0-168 h. Tested strains include phosphine-resistant and phosphine-susceptible populations. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Mobility experiment data . File Name: ranabhat_mobility_data_ag_data_commons.csvResource Description: Treatments Two different controlled release materials (CRMs) were used, including insecticide netting and insecticide-incorporated packaging. In total, there were six treatments, including: packaging (Vestergaard SA., Lausanne, Switzerland) with either 0.1% (w/w AI) indoxacarb, 0.1% permethrin, or 0.2% dinotefuran, or no AI but identical physical properties, and long-lasting insecticide-incorporated polyethylene netting (2 × 2 mm mesh, Vestergaard SA., Lausanne, Switzerland) with 0.4% deltamethrin, or control netting without insecticide but otherwise identical in physical properties. These were used with the movement assay. Mixed-sex adult beetles were exposed to the CRMs mentioned above. Cohorts of 5–20 adults were exposed for 0.5, 2, or 60-min interval on CRMs affixed to a 24 × 24 cm2 petri dish in the laboratory. After exposure, effects of the insecticides on adults were assessed either immediately or after held for 24 or 168 h in petri dishes under the same environmental chamber conditions as the colonies but without supplemental food, and then assayed using the video-tracking system described below. The movement of adults was tracked in six individual petri dishes (100 × 15 mm D: H) with a piece of filter paper (85 mm D, Grade 1, GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom) lining the bottom for 1 h using a network camera (GigE, Basler AG, Ahrenburg, Germany) affixed 80 cm above the dishes. The petri dishes were backlit using a LED light box (42 × 30 cm W:L, LPB3, Litup, Shenzhen, China) to increase contrast and affixed in place with white foam board. Video was streamed to a computer and processed in Ethovision (v.14.0, Noldus Inc., Leesburg, VA). The program automatically calculated the total distance moved (cm) and the mean instantaneous velocity (cm/s) over the 1-h period for each adult. An input filter was created that specific distance was only accumulated if it was less than the length of two beetles (~8 mm) per 0.03 s to avoid cursor bounce. Each adult was considered a replicate and was never used more than once. Only adults classified as alive or affected (as defined in Morrison et al. 2018) were used in the assay. Briefly, alive adults were defined as moving with normal speed and activity and able to right themselves if flipped, while affected adults exhibited sluggish or drunken movements, could not right themselves if flipped, and some or all of their limbs exhibited twitching. Dead adults were completely immobile. In total, 15 replicates were performed per treatment combination, translating to 97,200 min of video for a total of 1,620 adults tested for each species. Resource Software Recommended: Excel,url: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/excel Resource Title: Lethality data on cheesecloth experiment - Tribolium castaneum . File Name: ranabhat_lethality_cheesecloth_exp_tc_ag_data_commons.csvResource Description: In order to evaluate whether the CRMs be more effective at higher concentrations of each AI, we used cheesecloth (100 % cotton, Loins Services, Inc. Charlotte, NC) as a common CRM surrogate material sprayed with technical grade AIs dissolved with acetone. We prepared solutions (containing 1% of each AI above) with each technical grade insecticide in acetone (Table 1) and sprayed 2 ml of each insecticide solution uniformly on glass petri dishes (5 cm diameter) containing a 4.8 cm diameter piece cheesecloth by using an artist’s airbrush sprayer (Badger 100 series, Badger Corporation, Franklin Park, IL, US) which is commonly used in stored product insect research (e.g. Arthur and Morrison 2020; Morrison et al. 2021). A 1% concentration of AI was used to approximate the far higher concentration of AI in commercially available incorporated long-lasting materials compared to the concentration typically used in direct spray applications. The insecticide-treated cheesecloth was allowed to dry at room temperature overnight (~18 h) inside a fume hood to avoid affecting the behavior of insects. Cohorts of 20 mixed-sex (~1:1 M: F sex ratio) adult beetles were exposed continuously up to 96 h or 1 weeks in the laboratory on cheesecloth (e.g., as an absorptive CRM surrogate material) at constant conditions (27.5° ± 0.1 C, 65% RH, 14:10 L:D) in an environmental chamber. Exposure times were added iteratively at the same 1% concentration to yield a sufficient number of points to calculate median lethal time (LT50) up to 1 week (Supplemental Table 1). At each time point, the condition of insects was checked, and rated as alive, affected, or dead condition for each of the different treatments. Dead insects were completely immobile, even after prodding, and were removed from the tested arenas, but retained in analyses. There were 4 replicate cohorts for each treatment combination of insecticide, exposure, phosphine susceptibility, and species. Resource Software Recommended: Excel,url: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/excel Resource Title: Lethality data on cheesecloth experiment - Rhyzopertha dominica. File Name: ranabhat_lethality_cheesecloth_exp_rd_ag_data_commons.csvResource Description: In order to evaluate whether the CRMs be more effective at higher concentrations of each AI, we used cheesecloth (100 % cotton, Loins Services, Inc. Charlotte, NC) as a common CRM surrogate material sprayed with technical grade AIs dissolved with acetone. We prepared solutions (containing 1% of each AI above) with each technical grade insecticide in acetone (Table 1) and sprayed 2 ml of each insecticide solution uniformly on glass petri dishes (5 cm diameter) containing a 4.8 cm diameter piece cheesecloth by using an artist’s airbrush sprayer (Badger 100 series, Badger Corporation, Franklin Park, IL, US) which is commonly used in stored product insect research (e.g. Arthur and Morrison 2020; Morrison et al. 2021). A 1% concentration of AI was used to approximate the far higher concentration of AI in commercially available incorporated long-lasting materials compared to the concentration typically used in direct spray applications. The insecticide-treated cheesecloth was allowed to dry at room temperature overnight (~18 h) inside a fume hood to avoid affecting the behavior of insects. Cohorts of 20 mixed-sex (~1:1 M: F sex ratio) adult beetles were exposed continuously up to 96 h or 1 weeks in the laboratory on cheesecloth (e.g., as an absorptive CRM surrogate material) at constant conditions (27.5° ± 0.1 C, 65% RH, 14:10 L:D) in an environmental chamber. Exposure times were added iteratively at the same 1% concentration to yield a sufficient number of points to calculate median lethal time (LT50) up to 1 week (Supplemental Table 1). At each time point, the condition of insects was checked, and rated as alive, affected, or dead condition according to the definitions in (Morrison et al. 2018) for each of the different treatments. Dead insects were completely immobile, even after prodding, and were removed from the tested arenas, but retained in analyses. There were 4 replicate cohorts for each treatment combination of insecticide, exposure, phosphine susceptibility, and species. Resource Software Recommended: Excel,url: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/excel