Red flour beetles have been known to readily infest wheat flour but their likelihood to choose other types of flours is unknown. Red flour beetles will lay eggs in many types of flours but their choice to infest low- and no-gluten flours remains to be tested. Here we test a panel of 14 different commercially available flours in three different choice assays. We find that the beetles lay similar amounts of eggs in buckwheat, teff, millet, rice, and rye flours but that they show significant declines in preference for sorghum, potato, quinoa, cassava, oat, amaranth, garbanzo, spelt, and corn flours. By using three different assays - a wind tunnel, a large arena, and a small arena - we can further parse out differences in whether volatiles or texture of the flour may play a bigger role in choosing these flours to lay their eggs. The number of eggs laid in each of these 14 flours, plus a wheat control, is reported for both the large and small arenas and preference or movement toward the flour source is reported for a wind tunnel assay. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Eggs laid in flours in larger arena. File Name: large_arena_choice_test.csvResource Description: Number of eggs laid in each flour patch in the larger arena tested (45.7 x 55 x 8.9 cm). Flours were placed on a 110-mm filter paper and 20 mixed sex adults were introduced to the arena for four days. Dataset reports whether the arenas were on the left or right of the humidity and temperature controlled chamber (Side), the position from the door from front to back (Position), how many eggs were laid in the wheat (control) flour (Eggs_Wheat), what side of the container the wheat flour was on (aisle or wall, Wheat_Side_of_Box), how many eggs were laid in the other flour tested (Eggs_Other), what the other flour tested was (Other_Flour), where the other flour was in the container (aisle or wall, Other_Flour_Side_of_Box), date experiment was started (Start) and date experiment was ended (End). Eggs were counted after sieving from the flour patch using a dissecting microscope.Resource Title: Eggs laid in flour in smaller arena. File Name: small_arena_choice_test.csvResource Description: Number of eggs laid in each patch of flour in smaller arena tested (90-mm petri dish). Flour was placed on a 30-mm filter paper on opposite sides of the arena. A single female was introduced to the arena for 48 hours. Eggs were then sieved from the flour and counted using a dissecting microscope. Data reported include what alternative flour was present (Treatment), replicate within each block (rep), the number of eggs counted (egg_count), when the arena was set up and the female introduced (setup), when the eggs were counted (count), what of six blocks was tested (block), and whether the flour patch counted was the wheat (control) or the alternative flour (Alternative) listed in the Treatment column (flour). Resource Title: Preference for flour as tested in a wind tunnel. File Name: wind_tunnel_preference_tests_flours_2022.csvResource Description: Individual beetles were tested for preference to flour volatiles in a wind tunnel with air flow of 0.45 - 0.53 m/s. Beetles were observed for a maximum of 2 minutes or how long it took for them to leave a 21.59 x 27.94 cm white paper arena placed 55.5 cm from the wind source and 25 cm from the flour. Each beetle was used once and 5 beetles were tested for each flour on each day. Choices are recorded as U for upwind (exited towards the flour source), L for left (exited left side of arena), R for right (exited right side of arena), and D for downwind (exited away from the flour source). Data presented are: Flour tested, Choice, Beetle (1-5 for each flour tested on each day), and Date that assay was run.