Cropland expansion and reduced crop rotation diversity throughout the northern Great Plains has negatively impacted soil quality, creating a need to identify conservation practices that can counteract this trend. A study was conducted to quantify soil property responses to crop diversity/intensity, cover crops, and livestock integration under controlled experimental conditions, and land use (dryland cropping, native grassland, untilled pasture) on working farms and ranches, all on a common soil type in southcentral North Dakota, USA. Data from this study included near-surface (0-5 cm) measurements of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties over a 3-yr period for contrasting long-term experimental treatments at the USDA-ARS Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, Mandan, North Dakota. Soil profile (0-100 cm) assessments of soil physical and chemical properties complemented near-surface measurements. Data were used to generate soil quality index scores using the Soil Management Assessment Framework. Annual spring wheat grain yields for experimental treatments complemented soils data. Similar evaluations were conducted on six on-farm sites in Emmons County, North Dakota, USA, but only for one year and without grain yield data. Data may be used to better understand soil property responses to cropland conservation practices and different land uses. Data are generally applicable to rainfed conditions under a semiarid Continental climate for Temvik-Wilton silt loams (fine silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic and Pachic Haplustolls) and associated soil types (i.e., Grassna, Linton, Mandan, and Williams). Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: SES_Data Dictionary. File Name: SES_Data Dictionary.xlsxResource Title: SES_On-Farm_Integrative Measures_SMAF. File Name: SES_On-Farm_Integrative Measures_SMAF.xlsxResource Title: SES_On-Farm_Soil Properties_Near Surface. File Name: SES_On-Farm_Soil Properties_Near Surface.xlsxResource Title: SES_On-Farm_Soil Properties_Profile. File Name: SES_On-Farm_Soil Properties_Profile.xlsxResource Title: SES_On Station_Integrative Measures_Crop Yield. File Name: SES_On-Station_Integrative Measures_Crop Yield.xlsxResource Title: SES_On-Station_Integrative Measures_SMAF. File Name: SES_On-Station_Integrative Measures_SMAF.xlsxResource Title: SES_On-Station_Soil Properties_Near Surface. File Name: SES_On-Station_Soil Properties_Near Surface.xlsxResource Title: SES_On-Station_Soil Properties_Profile. File Name: SES_On-Station_Soil Properties_Profile.xlsxResource Title: On-Farm_SMAF. File Name: SES_On-Farm_Integrative Measures_SMAF.csvResource Title: On-Farm_SMAF_Metadata. File Name: SES_On-Farm_Integrative Measures_SMAF_Metadata.csvResource Title: On-Farm_Surface. File Name: SES_On-Farm_Soil Properties_Near Surface.csvResource Title: On-Farm_Surface_Metadata. File Name: SES_On-Farm_Soil Properties_Near Surface_Metadata.csvResource Title: On-Farm_Profile. File Name: SES_On-Farm_Soil Properties_Profile.csvResource Title: On-Farm_Profile_Metadata. File Name: SES_On-Farm_Soil Properties_Profile_Metadata.csvResource Title: On-Station_Crop Yield. File Name: SES_On-Station_Integrative Measures_Crop Yield.csvResource Title: On-Station_Crop Yield_Metadata. File Name: SES_On-Station_Integrative Measures_Crop Yield_Metadata.csvResource Title: On-Station_SMAF. File Name: SES_On-Station_Integrative Measures_SMAF.csvResource Title: On-Station_SMAF_Metadata. File Name: SES_On-Station_Integrative Measures_SMAF_Metadata.csvResource Title: On-Station_Surface. File Name: SES_On-Station_Soil Properties_Near Surface.csvResource Title: On-Station_Surface_Metadata. File Name: SES_On-Station_Soil Properties_Near Surface_Metadata.csvResource Title: On-Station_Profile. File Name: SES_On-Station_Soil Properties_Profile.csvResource Title: On-Station_Profile_Metadata. File Name: SES_On-Station_Soil Properties_Profile_Metadata.csvResource Title: SES_Data Dictionary. File Name: SES_Data Dictionary.csv