In support of nutrition research, concentrations of compounds from different parts of the watermelon plant are provided. The parts of the plant for which data are tabulated include (red) flesh, heart tissue, juice, seed, rind, peel, yellow flesh, seedling, leaf, root, other parts of the plant, and detected but plant part undeclared. The collected data include the low value in the range, the high value in the range, deviation from those values, and units (assumed to be fresh or wet weight unless noted). This table also provides for all compounds the citations to the literature and database sources. The “AFC” identifier represents the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Food Compound; PubChem refers to the identifier from this resource of chemical compounds. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Catalog of natural products occurring in watermelon. File Name: Watermelon_NP_catalog_20210623.tsvResource Description: This is a table of chemical compounds found in watermelonResource Title: Data dictionary. File Name: Data_dictionary_Watermelon_compounds_NAL_20210623.xlsxResource Description: This is the data dictionaryResource Software Recommended: Microsoft Excel,url: https://products.office.com/en-us/access