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Data from: Time-lapse ensemble-based electrical resistivity tomography to monitor water flow from managed aquifer recharge operations

Metadata Updated: December 2, 2025

Various managed aquifer recharge strategies, such as drywells, are being used in the California Central Valley (CCV) to replenish groundwater resources that have been depleted by over-pumping, especially during droughts. Drywell technology allows recharge water to bypass shallow impermeable layers and possible contaminated soils near the land surface. Understanding water flow in the vadose zone is crucial for assessing the performance of drywells regarding the amount of water that reaches the groundwater table and the fate of solutes. In this study, we demonstrate the applicability of time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (TL-ERT) for imaging the water flow and subsequent aquifer recharge at a drywell site in the CCV with a thick (67–72 meters) vadose zone. Additionally, TL-ERT results were compared to point-scale observations from a collocated monitoring well. To invert our TL-ERT data sets, geostatistical constraints were applied to favor layered models as expected due to the alluvial deposits in the study area. By considering different correlation lengths, an ensemble of resistivity model solutions was generated per time-step instead of a single model solution (as typically performed). Model differences between the mean model of the baseline data set and the models from the subsequent time steps allowed us to image the wetting front development until reaching the regional aquifer, a perched water table, and flush of salts that were otherwise not visible or blurred when using single model solutions from standard deterministic TL-ERT inversion approaches.

Access & Use Information

Public: This dataset is intended for public access and use. License: Creative Commons Attribution

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Dates

Metadata Created Date November 14, 2025
Metadata Updated Date December 2, 2025

Metadata Source

Harvested from USDA JSON

Additional Metadata

Resource Type Dataset
Metadata Created Date November 14, 2025
Metadata Updated Date December 2, 2025
Publisher Agricultural Research Service
Maintainer
Identifier 10.15482/USDA.ADC/29042780.v1
Data Last Modified 2025-11-21
Public Access Level public
Bureau Code 005:18, 005:00
Metadata Context https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.jsonld
Schema Version https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema
Catalog Describedby https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.json
Harvest Object Id 9b9c49bf-7093-450b-90d9-6de583c9aac0
Harvest Source Id d3fafa34-0cb9-48f1-ab1d-5b5fdc783806
Harvest Source Title USDA JSON
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Old Spatial {"type": "MultiPoint", "coordinates": -120.0794, 36.57476, -120.0738, 36.57928}
Program Code 005:040
Source Datajson Identifier True
Source Hash 94db2467df6e4442fe0c0013224c39e4aff3fedd47df43232145aafad69286a2
Source Schema Version 1.1
Spatial {"type": "MultiPoint", "coordinates": -120.0794, 36.57476, -120.0738, 36.57928}
Temporal 2023-04-20/2024-07-31

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