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    • Code and limited data for: Rotational complexity increases cropping system output under poorer growing conditions

    Metadata Updated: November 14, 2025

    This work was conducted by the Diverse Rotations Improve Valuable Ecosystem Services (DRIVES) project, based in the USDA-ARS Sustainable Agricultural Systems Lab in Beltsville, MD. The DRIVES team compiled a database of 20-plus long-term cropping systems experiments in North America in order to conduct cross-site research. This repository contains all scripts from our first research paper from the DRIVES database: "Rotational complexity increases cropping system output under poorer growing conditions," published in One Earth (in press). This analysis uses crop yield and experimental design data from the DRIVES database and public data sources for crop prices and inflation. This repository includes limited datasets derived from public sources or lacking connection to site IDs. We do not have permission to share the full primary dataset, but can provide data upon request with permission from site contacts.The scripts show all data setup, analysis, and visualization steps used to investigate how crop rotation diversity (defined by rotation length and the number of species) impacts productivity of whole rotations and component crops under varying growing conditions. We used Bayesian multilevel modeling fit to data from 20 long-term cropping systems datasets in North America (434 site-years, 36,000 observations). Rotation- and crop-level productivity were quantified as dollar output, using price coefficients derived from National Agriculture Statistics Service (NASS) price data (included in repository). Growing condtions were quantified using an Environmental Index calculated from site-year average output. Bayesian multilevel models were implemented using the 'brms' R package, which is a wrapper for Stan. Descriptions of all files are included in README.pdf.

    Access & Use Information

    Public: This dataset is intended for public access and use. License: Creative Commons Attribution

    Downloads & Resources

    Dates

    Metadata Created Date June 29, 2024
    Metadata Updated Date November 14, 2025
    Data Update Frequency R/P1Y

    Metadata Source

    Harvested from USDA JSON

    Other Data Resources

    Additional Metadata

    Resource Type Dataset
    Metadata Created Date June 29, 2024
    Metadata Updated Date November 14, 2025
    Publisher Agricultural Research Service
    Maintainer
    Identifier 10.15482/USDA.ADC/25943899.v1
    Data Last Modified 2025-10-01
    Public Access Level public
    Data Update Frequency R/P1Y
    Bureau Code 005:18
    Metadata Context https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.jsonld
    Schema Version https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema
    Catalog Describedby https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.json
    Harvest Object Id be676f42-23e4-476b-9828-da2f4e72378e
    Harvest Source Id d3fafa34-0cb9-48f1-ab1d-5b5fdc783806
    Harvest Source Title USDA JSON
    License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    Program Code 005:040
    Source Datajson Identifier True
    Source Hash 8b57a8e7e4076761cd45debb9cbb0d60fe55be7c7ba57f72b7838c94ad0b0249
    Source Schema Version 1.1
    Temporal 1962-06-01/2020-09-01

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