Data included in this data set are from in-field and edge-of-field surveys that recorded the presence of erosional features and cover of vegetation and bare ground on 1786 Conservation Reserve Program fields across three types of conservation practices (grassland, wetland, and wildlife). Field sampling data were recorded across six US Department of Agriculture Farm Production Regions (Corn belt, Lake states, Mountain, Northern plains, Pacific, Southern plains) from 2016 to 2018. The study area encompassed all or part of 14 states: Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Colorado, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. These data constitute the first national level assessment of CRP establishment across regions and practice types in three decades. Complete methods and other additional information are provided in the journal article associated with this data release (Vandever and others, 2021). This data release consists of 3 files: “CoverCharacteristicsOfSampledCRPFields.csv”, “CoverValidationDataForSampledCRPFields.csv” and ListOfObservedGrassAndForbSpeciesConsideredToBeNoxious.csv.