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Data and code from: Tillage and N requirements for wheat planted into corn residue

Published by Agricultural Research Service | Department of Agriculture | Catalog Last Checked: August 03, 2026 at 05:03 PM | Dataset Last Updated: July 10, 2026
This dataset contains all data and code required to reproduce the analyses, tables, and figures in the associated manuscript published in Field Crops Research titled "Tillage and N requirements for wheat planted into corn residue". A list of R packages used to create the aforementioned items can be found in the associated manuscript, but session information is also provided in the analysis_pipeline.html file.The research was based on the fact that corn can generate significant surface residue requiring intensive surface tillage and increased N fertilizer rates to optimize subsequent wheat production. However, surface tillage degrades soil health benefits, while unnecessary N applications reduce profits. Therefore, identifying the correct surface tillage level and N rate combination is critical to optimize wheat yields and profits following corn production. Tillage systems [conventional tillage (CT), mulch tillage (MT), light disk (LD), and no tillage (NT)] and fall and spring N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha-1) combinations were examined to evaluate early season wheat growth (tiller density, tiller biomass, and tiller N uptake), in-season wheat growth (biomass and N uptake), wheat yields, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and net returns. Fall N increased early season wheat growth parameters up to 25%, while in-season N uptake varied across tillage systems with inconsistent responses to split applications across N rates. The CT, MT, and LD systems yielded 23% greater than the NT system across N treatments and growing seasons. Grain NUE averaged 38.7% across growing seasons for all tillage and N treatments. Average net returns were US $733 ha-1 (MT), US $643 ha-1 (LD), US $601 ha-1 (CT), and US $468 ha-1 (NT). Wheat growth and production declined when planted into corn residue as surface tillage decreased. This effect was further exacerbated with low N applications. Fall N applications enhanced early season wheat growth, but a split application of the remaining N did not increase wheat yields compared to the corresponding single rate application. Therefore, split N applications did not benefit wheat production following corn compared to single N applications across N rates and conditions examined in this experiment. Applying 134 kg N ha-1 maximized wheat yields and net returns for NT, but results indicated greater N rates above current recommendations across all tillage systems following corn could be justified.

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Complete Metadata
@type dcat:Dataset
accessLevel public
accrualPeriodicity irregular
bureauCode 
[
  "005:18"
]
contactPoint 
{
  "fn": "Balkcom, Kipling S.",
  "hasEmail": "mailto:kip.balkcom@usda.gov"
}
description <p dir="ltr">This dataset contains all data and code required to reproduce the analyses, tables, and figures in the associated manuscript published in Field Crops Research titled "Tillage and N requirements for wheat planted into corn residue". A list of R packages used to create the aforementioned items can be found in the associated manuscript, but session information is also provided in the analysis_pipeline.html file.<br><br>The research was based on the fact that corn can generate significant surface residue requiring intensive surface tillage and increased N fertilizer rates to optimize subsequent wheat production. However, surface tillage degrades soil health benefits, while unnecessary N applications reduce profits. Therefore, identifying the correct surface tillage level and N rate combination is critical to optimize wheat yields and profits following corn production. Tillage systems [conventional tillage (CT), mulch tillage (MT), light disk (LD), and no tillage (NT)] and fall and spring N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>) combinations were examined to evaluate early season wheat growth (tiller density, tiller biomass, and tiller N uptake), in-season wheat growth (biomass and N uptake), wheat yields, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and net returns. Fall N increased early season wheat growth parameters up to 25%, while in-season N uptake varied across tillage systems with inconsistent responses to split applications across N rates. The CT, MT, and LD systems yielded 23% greater than the NT system across N treatments and growing seasons. Grain NUE averaged 38.7% across growing seasons for all tillage and N treatments. Average net returns were US $733 ha<sup>-1</sup> (MT), US $643 ha-1 (LD), US $601 ha<sup>-1</sup> (CT), and US $468 ha<sup>-1</sup> (NT). Wheat growth and production declined when planted into corn residue as surface tillage decreased. This effect was further exacerbated with low N applications. Fall N applications enhanced early season wheat growth, but a split application of the remaining N did not increase wheat yields compared to the corresponding single rate application. Therefore, split N applications did not benefit wheat production following corn compared to single N applications across N rates and conditions examined in this experiment. Applying 134 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> maximized wheat yields and net returns for NT, but results indicated greater N rates above current recommendations across all tillage systems following corn could be justified.<br></p>
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identifier 10.15482/USDA.ADC/30192088.v1
keyword 
[
  "conservation tillage",
  "crop residue management",
  "crude protein",
  "nitrogen",
  "soil management",
  "source code"
]
license https://www.usa.gov/publicdomain/label/1.0/
modified 2026-07-10
programCode 
[
  "005:040"
]
publisher 
{
  "name": "Agricultural Research Service",
  "@type": "org:Organization"
}
spatial 
"{"type": "MultiPoint", "coordinates": [[-86.883611, 34.690833], [-86.884722, 34.691111], [-86.883611, 34.690833], [-86.884722, 34.691111]]}"
temporal 2016-11-16/2021-06-17
title Data and code from: Tillage and N requirements for wheat planted into corn residue

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