Oklahoma State University South-Central Research Station (SCRS) was used to conduct research to understand the chemical composition of various water types and their potential environmental and human health effects. The study area provided the opportunity to study five water types: (1) receiving surface water (Washita River), (2) urban stormwater, (3) wastewater treatment plant effluent used for irrigation, (4) rain-induced runoff from an effluent-irrigated cornfield, and (5) rain-induced runoff from a dryland cornfield. Fifteen water samples were collected from August 2018 to October 2019. In addition, two composite above ground whole-corn plant samples (i.e., stem, leaves, grain) were collected from the effluent irrigated and dryland cornfields at harvest time. This study analyzed 706 chemicals in water samples, including 644 organic chemicals (biogenic hormones, disinfection byproducts [DBPs], halogenated chemicals, household/industrial chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances [PFAS], nonvolatile dissolved organic carbon [NVDOC], semi-volatiles, and 62 inorganics (anions, cations, alkalinity, nutrients, rare-earth elements, and trace metals). Corn plant samples were analyzed for 28 PFAS and 119 pharmaceuticals. Analytical methods used to determine concentrations of target analytes from samples included liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), ion chromatography (I.C.), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), potentiometric titration, and combustion catalytic oxidation with nondispersive infrared sensor detection (NDIR). Results from field and quality assurance samples are included in this data release. There are eight files (.xlsx and .csv) in this dataset: 1) T1_Sites, 2) T2_OrganicHits, 3) T3_OrganicNoHits, 4) T4_Inorganics, 5) T5_PlantData, 6) T6_QASpikeRecoveries, 7) T7_QAFieldBlanks, and 8) T8_DataDictionary. Table T1_Sites provides site descriptions, T2_OrganicHits presents concentrations of target organic chemicals detected in one or more samples, T3_OrganicNoHits presents target organic chemicals not detected in any sample, T4_Inorganics presents water properties and concentrations of inorganic analytes, T5_PlantData presents pharmaceuticals and PFAS concentration in whole corn plant samples, T6_QASpikeRecoveries provides laboratory quality-assurance recoveries from organic analyses in reagent-spike samples, T7_QAFieldBlanks provides field quality-assurance measurements from inorganic and organic analyses of equipment blank samples, and T8_DataDictionary provides metadata for tables T1 through T7. The data contained in this data release were supported primarily by the USGS Environmental Health Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, with additional in-kind support from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in collaboration with Oklahoma State University and the City of Chickasha, Oklahoma, USA.