The vertical land change activity focuses on the detection, analysis, and explanation of topographic change. These detection techniques include both quantitative methods, for example, using difference metrics derived from multi-temporal topographic digital elevation models (DEMs), such as, light detection and ranging (lidar), National Elevation Dataset (NED), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR), and qualitative methods, for example, using multi-temporal aerial photography to visualize topographic change. The geographic study area of this activity is Perry County, Kentucky. Available multi-temporal lidar, NED, SRTM, IFSAR, and other topographic elevation datasets, as well as aerial photography and multi-spectral image data were identified and downloaded for this study area county. Available mine maps and mine portal locations were obtained from the Kentucky Mine Mapping Information System, Division of Mine Safety, 300 Sower Boulevard, Frankfort, KY 40601 at http://minemaps.ky.gov/Default.aspx?Src=Downloads. These features were used to spatially locate the study areas within Perry County. Previously developed differencing methods (Gesch, 2006) were used to develop difference raster datasets of NED/SRTM (1950-2000 date range) and SRTM/IFSAR (2000-2008 date range). The difference rasters were evaluated to exclude difference values that were below a specified vertical change threshold, which was applied spatially by National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) 1992 and 2006 land cover type, respectively. This spatial application of the vertical change threshold values improved the overall ability to detect vertical change because threshold values in bare earth areas were distinguished from threshold values in heavily vegetated areas. Lidar high-resolution (1.5 m) DEMs were acquired for Perry County, Kentucky from U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Geospatial Data Gateway at https://gdg.sc.egov.usda.gov/GDGOrder.aspx#. ESRI Mosaic Datasets were generated from lidar point-cloud data and available topographic DEMs for the specified study area. These data were analyzed to estimate volumetric changes on the land surface at three different periods with lidar acquisitions collected for Perry County, KY on 3/29/12 to 4/6/12. A recent difference raster dataset time span (2008-2012 date range) was analyzed by differencing the Perry County lidar-derived DEM and an IFSAR-derived dataset. The IFSAR-derived data were resampled to the resolution of the lidar DEM (approximately 1-m resolution) and compared with the lidar-derived DEM. Land cover based threshold values were applied spatially to detect vertical change using the lidar/IFSAR difference dataset. Perry County lidar metadata reported that the acquisition required lidar to be collected with an average of 0.68 m point spacing or better and vertical accuracy of 15 cm root mean square error (RMSE) or better. References: Gesch, Dean B., 2006, An inventory and assessment of significant topographic changes in the United States Brookings, S. Dak., South Dakota State University, Ph.D. dissertation, 234 p, at https://topotools.cr.usgs.gov/pdfs/DGesch_dissertation_Nov2006.pdf.