This dataset includes georeferenced high-resolution, airborne thermal infrared (TIR) imagery, a polyline shapefile of the channel centerline, and a tabular file with longitudinal stream temperature profiles for Hat Creek, California. The two aerial TIR surveys were conducted with a helicopter by NV5 Geospatial (formerly Quantum Spatial, Inc.) and are published as two raster mosaics in GeoTiff format with a resolution of 0.5 m. The TIR mosaics and longitudinal stream temperature profiles contain corrected surface temperatures in degrees C (multiplied by 10 to create an unsigned integer pixel type). The TIR dataset encompasses a 64.6-km reach of Hat Creek that extends from 50 m upstream of the confluence with Lost Creek to 50 m downstream of the confluence with the Pit River. The TIR surveys were collected during the afternoon of August 24, 2018, and the morning of August 25, 2018. The two TIR surveys were calibrated using continuous temperature loggers deployed at 12 in-stream locations distributed longitudinally throughout the survey area. A channel centerline was manually digitized within a geographic information system (GIS), and stream temperatures for longitudinal profiles were automatically sampled along the channel centerline from the TIR imagery. Sampled temperatures for the longitudinal profiles were manually filtered to remove measurements of non-water surfaces. The stream temperatures were plotted against channel distance upstream from the mouth of Hat Creek to create longitudinal stream temperature profiles, which were used to interpret groundwater discharge patterns.