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    • Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 6 (SOCATv6) (NCEI Accession 0173715)

    Metadata Updated: November 1, 2025

    This dataset consists of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) data product files. SOCAT is a synthesis activity by the international marine carbon research community and has more than 100 contributors worldwide. SOCAT provides access to synthesis and gridded, quality controlled, observational products of surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) for the global oceans and coastal seas. SOCAT version 6 has 23.4 million, in situ, surface ocean fCO2 measurements with an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a WOCE flag of 2 (good) from 1957 to 2017. Calibrated sensor data with an accuracy of better than 10 μatm are also available. During quality control, marine scientists assign a flag to each data set, as well as WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2 values. Data sets are assigned flags of A and B for an accuracy of better than 2 μatm, flags of C and D for an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a flag of E for an accuracy of better than 10 μatm. Bakker et al. (2016) describe the quality control criteria used in SOCAT versions 3 to 6. Quality control comments for individual data sets can be accessed via the SOCAT Data Set Viewer (www.socat.info). All data sets, where data quality has been deemed acceptable, have been made public. The main SOCAT synthesis files and the gridded products contain all data sets with flags of A to D and fCO2 values with a flag of 2. Access to data sets with a flag of E and fCO2 values with flags of 3 and 4 is via additional data products and the Data Set Viewer (Table 8 in Bakker et al., 2016). SOCAT publishes a global gridded product with a 1° longitude by 1° latitude resolution. A second product with a higher resolution of 0.25° longitude by 0.25° latitude is available for the coastal seas. Gridded products are available monthly, per year and per decade. Two powerful, interactive, online viewers, the Data Set Viewer and the Gridded Data Viewer (www.socat.info), enable investigation of the SOCAT synthesis and gridded data products. SOCAT data products can be downloaded. Matlab code is available for reading these files. Ocean Data View also provides access to the SOCAT data products (www.socat.info). SOCAT data products are discoverable, accessible and citable. SOCAT versions 3 to 6 should be cited as Bakker et al., 2016 (until a publication on versions 4, 5 and 6 is published). The SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement (www.socat.info) asks users to generously acknowledge the contribution of SOCAT scientists by invitation to co-authorship, especially for data providers in regional studies, and/or reference to relevant scientific articles. The SOCAT website (www.socat.info) provides a single access point for online viewers, downloadable data sets, the Fair Data Use Statement, a list of contributors and an overview of scientific publications on and using SOCAT. Automation of data upload and initial data checks allows annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onward. SOCAT enables quantification of the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification and evaluation of ocean biogeochemical models. More than 210 peer-reviewed scientific publications and high-impact reports cite SOCAT. SOCAT represents a milestone in research coordination, data access, biogeochemical and climate research and in informing policy.

    Access & Use Information

    License: No license information was provided. If this work was prepared by an officer or employee of the United States government as part of that person's official duties it is considered a U.S. Government Work.

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    Dates

    Metadata Date 2025-10-17T13:01:36Z
    Metadata Created Date March 12, 2021
    Metadata Updated Date November 1, 2025
    Reference Date(s) June 13, 2018 (publication), June 24, 2025 (revision)
    Frequency Of Update asNeeded

    Metadata Source

    Harvested from NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/accessions

    Other Data Resources

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    Additional Metadata

    Resource Type Dataset
    Metadata Date 2025-10-17T13:01:36Z
    Metadata Created Date March 12, 2021
    Metadata Updated Date November 1, 2025
    Reference Date(s) June 13, 2018 (publication), June 24, 2025 (revision)
    Responsible Party (Point of Contact)
    Contact Email
    Guid gov.noaa.nodc:0173715
    Access Constraints Cite as: Bakker, Dorothee C. E.; Lauvset, Siv K.; Wanninkhof, Rik; Castaño-Primo, Rocío; Currie, Kim I.; Jones, Steve D.; Landa, Camilla S.; Metzl, Nicolas; Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Nonaka, Isao; O'Brien, Kevin M.; Olsen, Are; Pfeil, Benjamin; Pierrot, Denis; Schuster, Ute; Smith, Karl; Sullivan, Kevin F.; Sutton, Adrienne J.; Tilbrook, Bronte; Alin, Simone R.; Becker, Meike; Benoit-Cattin, Alice; Bott, Randy; Bozec, Yann; Bozzano, Roberto; Burger, Eugene F.; Burgers, Tonya M.; Cai, Wei-Jun; Chen, Liqi; Chierici, Melissa; Corredor, Jorge E.; Cosca, Catherine E.; Cross, Jessica N.; Dandonneau, Yves; De Carlo, Eric H.; Dietrich, Colin; Else, Brent; Emerson, Steven R.; Farías, Laura; Fransson, Agneta; Garreaud, René D.; Gkritzalis, Thanos; Glockzin, Michael; González-Dávila, Melchor; Gregor, Luke; Hartman, Susan E.; Hermes, Rudolf; Hoppema, Mario; Howden, Stephan D.; Hunt, Christopher W.; Hydes, David; Ibánhez, J. Severino P.; Kitidis, Vassilis; Körtzinger, Arne; Kozyr, Alex; Kuwata, Akira; Lampitt, Richard; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Lo Monaco, Claire; Maenner Jones, Stacy; Manke, Ansley B.; Manzello, Derek P.; McGillis, Wade R.; Mickett, John; Monteiro, Pedro M. S.; Morell, Julio M.; Morrison, J. Ruairidh; Omar, Abdirahman M.; Mucci, Alfonso; Munro, David R.; Musielewicz, Sylvia; Negri, Rubén M.; Newberger, Tim; Newton, Jan; Noakes, Scott; O'Brien, Chris; Ólafsdóttir, Sólveig Rósa; Ólafsson, Jón; Ono, Tsuneo; Osborne, John; Ouyang, Zhangxian; Padín, Xose A.; Papakyriakou, Tim; Plueddemann, Albert J.; Rehder, Gregor; Sabine, Christopher L.; Sakurai, Keizo; Salisbury, Joseph E.; Santana-Casiano, J. Magdalena; Schlitzer, Reiner; Schneider, Bernd; Send, Uwe; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Steinhoff, Tobias; Sulpis, Olivier; Sutherland, Stewart C.; Sweeney, Colm; Tadokoro, Kazuaki; Takahashi, Taro; Telszewski, Maciej; Thomas, Helmuth; Tomlinson, Michael; Trull, Tom; Valdimarsson, Héðinn; van Heuven, Steven M. A. C.; Vandemark, Douglas; Wada, Chisato; Wallace, Douglas W. R.; Watson, Andrew J.; Weller, Robert A.; Xu, Suqing (2018). Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 6 (SOCATv6) (NCEI Accession 0173715). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.7289/v51z42r8. Accessed [date]., Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
    Bbox East Long 180
    Bbox North Lat 90
    Bbox South Lat -90
    Bbox West Long -180
    Coupled Resource
    Frequency Of Update asNeeded
    Graphic Preview Description Preview graphic
    Graphic Preview File https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0173715
    Graphic Preview Type PNG
    Harvest Object Id e5e9f7ec-192c-4de7-a2f9-adb57e7abdea
    Harvest Source Id c084a438-6f6b-470d-93e0-16aeddb9f513
    Harvest Source Title NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/accessions
    Licence accessLevel: Public
    Lineage
    Metadata Language eng
    Metadata Type geospatial
    Old Spatial {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-180.0, -90.0], [180.0, -90.0], [180.0, 90.0], [-180.0, 90.0], [-180.0, -90.0]]]}
    Progress completed
    Spatial Data Service Type
    Spatial Reference System
    Spatial Harvester True
    Temporal Extent Begin 1957-01-01
    Temporal Extent End 2017-12-31

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