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Superconducting Qubit Control Using Cryogenic Frequency Conversion

Published by National Institute of Standards and Technology | National Institute of Standards and Technology | Catalog Last Checked: September 02, 2026 at 07:19 PM | Dataset Last Updated: February 26, 2026
Dataset for the APL paper "Superconducting Qubit Control Using Cryogenic Frequency Conversion". Abstract: Expanding to higher qubit frequencies introduces the challenge of routing > 20 GHz signals into a dilution refrigerator without adding excess thermal load or frequency-dependent loss. In this work, we demonstrate a solution to this problem by using a frequency multiplier to drive the qubit with room-temperature control pulses at half or one third of the qubit frequency fQB. The control pulses are up-converted inside the cryogenic environment using a frequency multiplier based on a high-kinetic inductance nonlinear transmission line. We evaluated the success of the up-conversion technique by comparing the randomized benchmarking error-per-gate metrics to that of a standard direct qubit driving technique. The fQB/2 drive technique achieved error rates consistent with the direct drive, with a minimum error-per-gate of 3.5x10−3±0.4x10−3. The fQB/3 drive technique resulted in a minimum error per gate of 7.6x10−3±0.81x10−3. While this demonstration is based around a fQB = 4.836 GHz qubit so that a direct drive comparison is possible, this technique will allow higher-frequency qubits to be tested using existing radio-frequency (RF) infrastructure.

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Complete Metadata
@type dcat:Dataset
accessLevel public
accrualPeriodicity irregular
bureauCode 
[
  "006:55"
]
contactPoint 
{
  "fn": "Nathan Flowers-Jacobs",
  "hasEmail": "mailto:nathan.flowers-jacobs@nist.gov"
}
description Dataset for the APL paper "Superconducting Qubit Control Using Cryogenic Frequency Conversion". Abstract: Expanding to higher qubit frequencies introduces the challenge of routing > 20 GHz signals into a dilution refrigerator without adding excess thermal load or frequency-dependent loss. In this work, we demonstrate a solution to this problem by using a frequency multiplier to drive the qubit with room-temperature control pulses at half or one third of the qubit frequency fQB. The control pulses are up-converted inside the cryogenic environment using a frequency multiplier based on a high-kinetic inductance nonlinear transmission line. We evaluated the success of the up-conversion technique by comparing the randomized benchmarking error-per-gate metrics to that of a standard direct qubit driving technique. The fQB/2 drive technique achieved error rates consistent with the direct drive, with a minimum error-per-gate of 3.5x10−3±0.4x10−3. The fQB/3 drive technique resulted in a minimum error per gate of 7.6x10−3±0.81x10−3. While this demonstration is based around a fQB = 4.836 GHz qubit so that a direct drive comparison is possible, this technique will allow higher-frequency qubits to be tested using existing radio-frequency (RF) infrastructure.
distribution 
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    "title": "4118_README",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
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  {
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identifier ark:/88434/mds2-4118
issued 2026-05-05
keyword 
[
  "Frequency conversion.",
  "Superconductors",
  "kinetic inductance"
]
landingPage https://data.nist.gov/od/id/mds2-4118
language 
[
  "en"
]
license https://www.nist.gov/open/license
modified 2026-02-26 00:00:00
programCode 
[
  "006:045"
]
publisher 
{
  "name": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
  "@type": "org:Organization"
}
theme 
[
  "Electronics:Superconducting electronics"
]
title Superconducting Qubit Control Using Cryogenic Frequency Conversion

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