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Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2026 (SOCATv2026) (NCEI Accession 0315110)

Published by NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce | Catalog Last Checked: September 26, 2026 at 10:08 PM | Dataset Last Updated: June 12, 2026 at 12:00 AM
The ocean absorbs one quarter of the global CO2 emissions from human activity. The community-led Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (www.socat.info) is key for the quantification of ocean CO2 uptake and its variation, now and in the future. SOCAT version 2026 has quality-controlled in situ surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of CO2) measurements on ships, moorings, sailing yachts, autonomous and drifting surface platforms for the global ocean and coastal seas from 1957 to 2025. The main SOCAT synthesis and gridded products contain fCO2 values with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 μatm. Sensor fCO2 data with an estimated accuracy of better than 10 μatm are separately available. During secondary quality control, marine scientists assign a flag to each data set, as well as WOCE flags of 2 (good), 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad) to individual fCO2 values. Data sets are assigned flags of A and B for an estimated accuracy of better than 2 μatm, flag of C (and D) for an accuracy of better than 5 μatm and a flag of E for an accuracy of better than 10 μatm. Bakker et al. (2016) describe the quality control criteria used from SOCAT version 3 on-wards. SOCAT quality control cookbooks provide quality control updates with Gkritzalis et al. (2024) used for version 2026. Quality control comments for individual data sets can be accessed via the SOCAT Interactive Data Set Viewer (www.socat.info). All data sets, where data quality has been deemed acceptable, have been made public. The main SOCAT synthesis files and the gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Access to data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 10 µatm (flag of E) and fCO2 values with flags of 3 and 4 is via additional data products and the Data Set Viewer (Table 8 in Bakker et al., 2016). SOCAT publishes a global gridded product with a 1° longitude by 1° latitude resolution without gap filling. A second product with a higher resolution of 0.25° longitude by 0.25° latitude is available for the coastal seas. The gridded products contain all data sets with an estimated accuracy of better than 5 µatm (data set flags of A to D) and fCO2 values with a WOCE flag of 2. Gridded products are available monthly, per year and per decade. Two powerful, interactive, online viewers, the Interactive Data Set Viewer and the Interactive Gridded Data Viewer (www.socat.info), enable investigation of the SOCAT synthesis and gridded data products. SOCAT data products can also be downloaded. Matlab code is available for reading these files. Ocean Data View also provides access to the SOCAT data products (www.socat.info). SOCAT data products are FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable). The SOCAT website (www.socat.info) provides a single access point for online viewers, downloadable data sets, the Data Use Statement, a list of contributors and an overview of scientific publications on SOCAT and using SOCAT. Automation of data upload and initial data checks have allowed annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onwards. Automation of metadata upload is ongoing. The Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the US is key to the SOCAT effort. In 2026, a second SOCAT hub opened at the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) in Belgium, with the aim of supporting SOCAT coordination, data submission and quality control in close collaboration with NOAA PMEL. SOCAT is used for quantification of ocean CO2 uptake and ocean acidification and for evaluation of earth system models and sensor data. SOCAT products inform on ocean CO2 uptake in the annual Global Carbon Budget since 2013. SOCAT is a key element of the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) Global Greenhouse Gas Watch (G3W) program and is a key resource for Copernicus’ evaluations. The annual SOCAT releases by the SOCAT scientific community contribute to United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 and SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and to the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific publications and high-impact reports cite SOCAT. The SOCAT community-led synthesis product is a key step in the value chain based on in situ surface ocean carbon measurements, which provides policy makers with critical information on ocean CO2 uptake for policy makers. The need for accurate knowledge of global ocean CO2 uptake and its (future) variation makes sustained funding of in situ surface ocean CO2 observations and their synthesis imperative.

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  • Descriptive Information

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  • FTP

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  • https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016

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  • https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-69-2014

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  • https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-125-2013

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  • https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-145-2013

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  • https://socat.info/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2024_SOCAT_QC_Cookbook_Update.pdf

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  • https://odv.awi.de/data/ocean/socat-fco2-data/

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  • https://explore.webodv.awi.de/ocean/carbon/socat/

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  • https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/

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  • https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/time_series_moorings.html

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  • https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/ASV/

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  • https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system

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  • GCMD Keyword Forum Page

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  • NCEI Contact Information

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0315110 Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water SALINITY - SURFACE WATER WATER TEMPERATURE barometric pressure sensor carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer salinometer

Complete Metadata
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identifier https://data.noaa.gov/waf/NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/accessions/iso/xml/0315110.xml
issued 2026-05-19T00:00:00.000+00:00
keyword 
[
  "0315110",
  "Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere",
  "partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water",
  "SALINITY - SURFACE WATER",
  "WATER TEMPERATURE",
  "barometric pressure sensor",
  "carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer",
  "salinometer",
  "temperature sensor",
  "chemical",
  "derived products",
  "meteorological",
  "physical",
  "surface measurements",
  "VARIOUS CHARTERED VESSELS",
  "Alfred-Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research",
  "Argentina National Institute for Fishery Research and Development",
  "Bermuda Biological Station for Research",
  "Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization",
  "Flanders Marine Institute",
  "GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel",
  "Hakai Institute",
  "Hellenic Centre for Marine Research",
  "Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon",
  "Icelandic Marine Research Institute",
  "IO PAS",
  "Japan Meteorological Agency",
  "Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology",
  "Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques",
  "Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde",
  "Marine Institute Ireland",
  "National Institute for Environmental Studies",
  "National Oceanography Centre",
  "NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory",
  "NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory",
  "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information",
  "NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory",
  "NORCE Norwegian Research Centre",
  "Norwegian Polar Institute",
  "Oregon State University",
  "Sorbonne University",
  "Stockholm University",
  "UAF College of Fisheries and Ocean Science",
  "Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria",
  "University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute",
  "University of Colorado Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research In Environmental Sciences",
  "University of East Anglia",
  "University of Georgia",
  "University of Hawaii Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research",
  "University of Montana",
  "University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez",
  "University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography",
  "University of South Florida",
  "University of Washington, Applied Physics Laboratory, Polar Science Center",
  "Uppsala University",
  "NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory",
  "Ship of Opportunity Programme (SOOP)",
  "Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)",
  "US DOC; NOAA; Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; Ocean Acidification Program (OAP)",
  "Arctic Ocean",
  "Indian Ocean",
  "North Atlantic Ocean",
  "North Pacific Ocean",
  "South Atlantic Ocean",
  "South Pacific Ocean",
  "Southern Ocean",
  "World-Wide Distribution",
  "oceanography",
  "AWI > Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research",
  "BBSR > Bermuda Biological Station for Research",
  "BE/VLIZ > Flanders Marine Institute, Belgium",
  "DE/GEOMAR > GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany",
  "DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce",
  "DOC/NOAA/OAR/AOML > Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce",
  "DOC/NOAA/OAR/ESRL/GMD > Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce",
  "DOC/NOAA/OAR/PMEL > Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce",
  "IE/MARINE > Marine Institute, Ireland",
  "IOW > Leibniz Institute Baltic Sea Research Institute, Warnemuende, Germany",
  "JP/JMA > Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan",
  "JP/NIES > National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan",
  "KIOST > Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology",
  "NO/NPI > Norwegian Polar Institute, Norway",
  "U-BERGEN/GEOPH > Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen",
  "U-SOTON/NOC > National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton",
  "UAK > University of Alaska, School of Fisheries",
  "UCO/CIRES > Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado",
  "UHI/SOEST/JIMAR > Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii",
  "UMT > University of Montana",
  "URI/GSO > Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island",
  "UWA/APL/PSC > Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington",
  "Multiple",
  "Multiple",
  "Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project",
  "Coastal Carbon Project",
  "Moorings and Time Series project",
  "SOOP",
  "Coastal Carbon Project",
  "Moorings and Time Series Project",
  "Ship Of Opportunity Program (SOOP)",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS > ATMOSPHERIC/OCEAN INDICATORS > SURFACE SALINITY",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > SALINITY/DENSITY > SALINITY",
  "Data synthesis product",
  "Surface measurement",
  "SOCAT",
  "SOCATv2026 Data Synthesis Product",
  "SOCATv2026 database",
  "SOCATv2026 gridded data product",
  "ATM_PPRE",
  "EQ_PRE",
  "EQ_TMP",
  "SSS",
  "SST",
  "fCO2",
  "BAROMETERS > BAROMETERS",
  "CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS",
  "SALINOMETERS",
  "TEMPERATURE SENSORS > TEMPERATURE SENSORS",
  "GEOGRAPHIC REGION > GLOBAL OCEAN",
  "OCEAN > ARCTIC OCEAN",
  "OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN",
  "OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN",
  "OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN",
  "OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN",
  "OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN",
  "OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN",
  "Arctic Ocean",
  "Atlantic Ocean",
  "Indian Ocean",
  "Pacific Ocean",
  "Southern Ocean"
]
landingPage https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
language 
[]
license https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
modified 2026-06-12T00:00:00.000+00:00
publisher 
{
  "name": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information",
  "@type": "org:Organization"
}
references 
[
  "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016",
  "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-69-2014",
  "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-125-2013",
  "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-145-2013",
  "https://socat.info/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2024_SOCAT_QC_Cookbook_Update.pdf",
  "https://www.socat.info/",
  "https://odv.awi.de/data/ocean/socat-fco2-data/",
  "https://explore.webodv.awi.de/ocean/carbon/socat/",
  "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/",
  "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/time_series_moorings.html",
  "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/ASV/",
  "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system"
]
rights otherRestrictions
spatial 180.0,-90.0,-180.0,90.0
temporal 1957-10-22T00:00:00+00:00/2026-01-31T00:00:00+00:00
theme 
[
  "geospatial"
]
title Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2026 (SOCATv2026) (NCEI Accession 0315110)

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