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S-MODE Saildrone Level 1 Observations

Published by NASA/JPL/PODAAC | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Catalog Last Checked: June 25, 2026 at 01:58 PM | Dataset Last Updated: June 23, 2026
This dataset contains a suite of Saildrone in-situ measurements (including but not limited to temperature, salinity, currents, biochemistry, and meteorology) taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco during a pilot campaign spanning two weeks in October 2021, and two intensive operating periods (IOPs) in Fall 2022 and Spring 2023. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. Saildrones are wind-and-solar-powered unmanned surface vehicles rigged with atmospheric and oceanic sensors that measure upper ocean horizontal velocities, near-surface temperature and salinity, Chlorophyll-a fluorescence, dissolved oxygen concentration, 5-m winds, air temperature, and surface radiation. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data samples are available in their raw 1 Hz sampling frequency as well as 5 minute averages, the latter available with navigation data. Other measurements are available as raw files (1Hz or 20 Hz where applicable), as well as 1 minute averages. L1 data are available as a zip file.

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earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-atmospheric-pressure-measurements earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-surface-pressure earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-radiative-flux earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans-organic-matter earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans-oxygen earth-science-ocean-circulation-oceans-ocean-currents

Complete Metadata
@type dcat:Dataset
accessLevel public
bureauCode 
[
  "026:00"
]
contactPoint 
{
  "fn": "Earthdata Forum",
  "@type": "vcard:Contact",
  "hasEmail": "mailto:earthdata-support@nasa.gov"
}
description This dataset contains a suite of Saildrone in-situ measurements (including but not limited to temperature, salinity, currents, biochemistry, and meteorology) taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco during a pilot campaign spanning two weeks in October 2021, and two intensive operating periods (IOPs) in Fall 2022 and Spring 2023. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. Saildrones are wind-and-solar-powered unmanned surface vehicles rigged with atmospheric and oceanic sensors that measure upper ocean horizontal velocities, near-surface temperature and salinity, Chlorophyll-a fluorescence, dissolved oxygen concentration, 5-m winds, air temperature, and surface radiation. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data samples are available in their raw 1 Hz sampling frequency as well as 5 minute averages, the latter available with navigation data. Other measurements are available as raw files (1Hz or 20 Hz where applicable), as well as 1 minute averages. L1 data are available as a zip file.
distribution 
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  },
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    "downloadURL": "https://archive.podaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/podaac-ops-cumulus-docs/s-mode/docs/SMODE_PILOT_Bio-optical_Cals_V3.pdf"
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identifier 10.5067/SMODE-SDRON1
keyword 
[
  "earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-atmospheric-pressure-measurements",
  "earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-surface-pressure",
  "earth-science-atmospheric-radiation-atmosphere-radiative-flux",
  "earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere",
  "earth-science-atmospheric-water-vapor-atmosphere-water-vapor-indicators",
  "earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans-organic-matter",
  "earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans-oxygen",
  "earth-science-ocean-circulation-oceans-ocean-currents",
  "earth-science-ocean-optics-oceans-chlorophyll",
  "earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-sea-surface-temperature",
  "earth-science-ocean-waves-oceans-wave-height",
  "earth-science-ocean-waves-oceans-wave-period",
  "earth-science-ocean-winds-atmosphere",
  "earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-conductivity",
  "earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-salinity"
]
license https://www.usa.gov/government-works
modified 2026-06-23
programCode 
[
  "026:000"
]
publisher 
{
  "name": "NASA/JPL/PODAAC",
  "@type": "org:Organization"
}
spatial 
"["CARTESIAN", [{"NorthBoundingCoordinate": 38.1, "WestBoundingCoordinate": -125.4, "EastBoundingCoordinate": -122.9, "SouthBoundingCoordinate": 36.3}]]"
temporal 2021-10-01/2022-11-30
theme 
[
  "Earth Science"
]
title S-MODE Saildrone Level 1 Observations

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