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S-MODE L2 Temperature and Salinity from Saildrones Version 1

Published by NASA/JPL/PODAAC | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | Catalog Last Checked: June 09, 2026 at 08:45 PM | Dataset Last Updated: June 08, 2026
This dataset contains Saildrone in-situ measurements taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco during a pilot campaign over two weeks in October 2021, and an intensive operating period (IOP) in Fall 2022. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. Saildrones are wind-and-solar-powered unmanned surface vehicles rigged with atmospheric and oceanic sensors that measure upper ocean horizontal velocities, near-surface temperature and salinity, Chlorophyll-a fluorescence, dissolved oxygen concentration, 5-m winds, air temperature, and surface radiation. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data samples originally measured at 1 Hz frequency are averaged into 5 minute bins, along with navigation data. Non-ADCP data from IOP1 contain additional bio-optical measurements. All data are available in netCDF format.

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Complete Metadata
@type dcat:Dataset
accessLevel public
bureauCode 
                                            [
  "026:00"
]
contactPoint 
                                            {
  "fn": "Earthdata Forum",
  "@type": "vcard:Contact",
  "hasEmail": "mailto:earthdata-support@nasa.gov"
}
description This dataset contains Saildrone in-situ measurements taken during the Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE) conducted approximately 300 km offshore of San Francisco during a pilot campaign over two weeks in October 2021, and an intensive operating period (IOP) in Fall 2022. S-MODE aims to understand how ocean dynamics acting on short spatial scales influence the vertical exchange of physical and biological variables in the ocean. Saildrones are wind-and-solar-powered unmanned surface vehicles rigged with atmospheric and oceanic sensors that measure upper ocean horizontal velocities, near-surface temperature and salinity, Chlorophyll-a fluorescence, dissolved oxygen concentration, 5-m winds, air temperature, and surface radiation. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data samples originally measured at 1 Hz frequency are averaged into 5 minute bins, along with navigation data. Non-ADCP data from IOP1 contain additional bio-optical measurements. All data are available in netCDF format.
distribution 
                                            [
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Original Metadata",
    "format": "ISO",
    "mediaType": "text/xml",
    "conformsTo": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi",
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    "downloadURL": "https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/concepts/C2766903177-POCLOUD.iso19115"
  },
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    "downloadURL": "http://smode.whoi.edu/"
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    "format": "PDF",
    "mediaType": "application/pdf",
    "downloadURL": "https://archive.podaac.earthdata.nasa.gov/podaac-ops-cumulus-docs/s-mode/docs/S-MODE_IOP1_2022_BIO_OPTICS_DATA_REPORT.pdf"
  },
  {
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  },
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    "mediaType": "application/pdf",
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]
identifier 10.5067/SMODE-SDRON
keyword 
                                            [
  "earth-science-atmospheric-pressure-atmosphere-atmospheric-pressure-measurements",
  "earth-science-atmospheric-temperature-atmosphere",
  "earth-science-ocean-chemistry-oceans-oxygen",
  "earth-science-ocean-optics-oceans-chlorophyll",
  "earth-science-ocean-temperature-oceans-sea-surface-temperature",
  "earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-conductivity",
  "earth-science-salinity-density-oceans-salinity"
]
license https://www.usa.gov/government-works
modified 2026-06-08
programCode 
                                            [
  "026:000"
]
publisher 
                                            {
  "name": "NASA/JPL/PODAAC",
  "@type": "org:Organization"
}
spatial 
                                            "["CARTESIAN", [{"NorthBoundingCoordinate": 38.1, "WestBoundingCoordinate": -125.4, "EastBoundingCoordinate": -122.9, "SouthBoundingCoordinate": 36.3}]]"
temporal 2021-09-01/2022-10-31
theme 
                                            [
  "Earth Science"
]
title S-MODE L2 Temperature and Salinity from Saildrones Version 1

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