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    • Revised estimates of ocean-atmosphere CO2 flux accounting for near-surface temperature and salinity deviations from 1985-01-01 to 2019-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0301544)

    Metadata Updated: November 1, 2025

    The ocean is a sink for ~25% of the atmospheric CO2 emitted by human activities, an amount in excess of 2 petagrams of carbon per year (PgC yr−1). Time-resolved estimates of global ocean-atmosphere CO2 flux provide an important constraint on the global carbon budget. However, previous estimates of this flux, derived from surface ocean CO2 concentrations, have not corrected the data for temperature gradients between the surface and sampling at a few meters depth, or for the effect of the cool ocean surface skin. Here we calculate a time history of ocean-atmosphere CO2 fluxes from 1992 to 2018, corrected for these effects. These increase the calculated net flux into the oceans significantly.

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    License: No license information was provided. If this work was prepared by an officer or employee of the United States government as part of that person's official duties it is considered a U.S. Government Work.

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    Dates

    Metadata Date 2025-10-03T13:12:09Z
    Metadata Created Date March 1, 2025
    Metadata Updated Date November 1, 2025
    Reference Date(s) February 5, 2025 (publication)
    Frequency Of Update asNeeded

    Metadata Source

    Harvested from NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/accessions

    Other Data Resources

    Graphic Preview

    Preview graphic

    Additional Metadata

    Resource Type Dataset
    Metadata Date 2025-10-03T13:12:09Z
    Metadata Created Date March 1, 2025
    Metadata Updated Date November 1, 2025
    Reference Date(s) February 5, 2025 (publication)
    Responsible Party (Point of Contact)
    Contact Email
    Guid gov.noaa.nodc:0301544
    Access Constraints Cite as: Watson, Andrew J.; Schuster, Ute; Shutler, Jamie D.; Holding, Thomas; Ashton, Ian G. C.; Landschützer, Peter; Woolf, David K.; Goddijn-Murphy, Lonneke (2025). Revised estimates of ocean-atmosphere CO2 flux accounting for near-surface temperature and salinity deviations from 1985-01-01 to 2019-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0301544). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/2dp5-xm29. Accessed [date]., Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
    Bbox East Long 180
    Bbox North Lat 90
    Bbox South Lat -90
    Bbox West Long -180
    Coupled Resource
    Frequency Of Update asNeeded
    Graphic Preview Description Preview graphic
    Graphic Preview File https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0301544
    Graphic Preview Type PNG
    Harvest Object Id 82a09931-d997-4deb-b6ee-a8d9e62e7292
    Harvest Source Id c084a438-6f6b-470d-93e0-16aeddb9f513
    Harvest Source Title NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/accessions
    Licence accessLevel: Public, Please cite the Nature Comms paper if you use this data in a publication.
    Lineage
    Metadata Language eng
    Metadata Type geospatial
    Old Spatial {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-180.0, -90.0], [180.0, -90.0], [180.0, 90.0], [-180.0, 90.0], [-180.0, -90.0]]]}
    Progress completed
    Spatial Data Service Type
    Spatial Reference System
    Spatial Harvester True
    Temporal Extent Begin 1985-01-01
    Temporal Extent End 2019-12-31

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