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Python-HBRT model and groundwater levels used for estimating the static, shallow water table depth for the State of Wisconsin

Metadata Updated: November 12, 2025

A histrogram-based boosted regression tree (HBRT) method was used to predict the depth to the surficial aquifer water table (in feet) throughout the State of Wisconsin. This method used a combination of discrete groundwater levels from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System, continuous groundwater levels from the National Groundwater Monitoring Network, the State of Wisconsin well-construction database, and NHDPlus version 2.1-derived points. The predicted water table depth utilized the HBRT model available through Scikit-learn in Python version 3.10.10. The HBRT model can predict the surficial water table depth for any latitude and longitude for Wisconsin. A total of 48 predictor variables were used for model development, including basic well characteristics, soil properties, aquifer properties, hydrologic position on the landscape, recharge and evapotranspiration rates, and bedrock characteristics. Model results indicate that the mean surficial water table depth across Wisconsin is 28.3 feet below land surface, with a root mean square error of 7.40 feet for the holdout data to the HBRT model. Aside from the overall HBRT methods contained as part of the Python script, this data release includes a self-contained model directory for recreating the HBRT model published in this data release. The model directory also includes a model object for the HBRT model used to predict the surficial aquifer water table depth (in feet) for the State of Wisconsin. Three separate directories are available within this data release that define the input predictor variables, water levels, and NHD points for the HBRT model. The 'bedrock-overlay' sub-directory contains geospatial data that define the special selection zones used in the depth-to-water well selection (DTW_well_selection_zones.docx). The 'water-levels' sub-directory contains input files for the NHDPlus version 2.1 points, the State of Wisconsin well construction spreadsheets, and water level summary files. The 'python-attributes' sub-directory contains predictor variable rasters and vector data that predict the surficial water table depth for Wisconsin and a Jupyter Notebook used for the attribution and input files for well and NHD points.

Access & Use Information

Public: This dataset is intended for public access and use. License: No license information was provided. If this work was prepared by an officer or employee of the United States government as part of that person's official duties it is considered a U.S. Government Work.

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Dates

Metadata Created Date September 12, 2025
Metadata Updated Date November 12, 2025

Metadata Source

Harvested from DOI USGS DCAT-US

Additional Metadata

Resource Type Dataset
Metadata Created Date September 12, 2025
Metadata Updated Date November 12, 2025
Publisher U.S. Geological Survey
Maintainer
Identifier http://datainventory.doi.gov/id/dataset/usgs-601ddaead34e94a4b9fc3036
Data Last Modified 2024-03-20T00:00:00Z
Category geospatial
Public Access Level public
Bureau Code 010:12
Metadata Context https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.jsonld
Metadata Catalog ID https://ddi.doi.gov/usgs-data.json
Schema Version https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema
Catalog Describedby https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.json
Harvest Object Id 9906a07b-bb92-4d8f-bd13-f017894d3c35
Harvest Source Id 2b80d118-ab3a-48ba-bd93-996bbacefac2
Harvest Source Title DOI USGS DCAT-US
Metadata Type geospatial
Old Spatial -92.8960, 42.5010, -86.7950, 47.8090
Source Datajson Identifier True
Source Hash c52cc4da9a193b3b8b7047a14aac43b632fe705fade42a14ae55ce00138bae9d
Source Schema Version 1.1
Spatial {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": -92.8960, 42.5010, -92.8960, 47.8090, -86.7950, 47.8090, -86.7950, 42.5010, -92.8960, 42.5010}

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