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Public Reference Data for Megawatt-Scale Hydrogen Electrolysis – Simulated Wind

Metadata Updated: December 13, 2025

The U.S. Department of Energy and the National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR) demonstrate hydrogen electrolysis, hydrogen compression and storage, and variable hydrogen fuel cell power production using megawatt-scale equipment at NLR’s Flatirons Campus as part of the Advanced Research on Integrated Energy Systems (ARIES) initiative. This dataset represents part of that effort and is intended for academic, national laboratory, industrial, and other stakeholders to plan, design, and validate models of megawatt-scale hydrogen technologies and diverse energy infrastructure nationwide. These data provide a baseline for how existing hydrogen electrolysis technologies perform when coupled with various energy technologies. Future datasets will demonstrate how existing hydrogen fuel cell technologies can provide controllable, dispatchable, and variable power output for artificial intelligence (AI) data centers and other variable loads.This dataset entry describes hydrogen production using a single, simulated wind turbine. The electrolyzer is a 1.25-MW proton exchange membrane type MC250 system manufactured by Nel Hydrogen. While the unit supports up to 2.5 MW of electrolysis, NLR only has a single 1.25-MW electrolysis stack.For the simulated wind energy profiles, NLR used OpenFAST to simulate a 3.4-MW International Energy Agency (IEA) reference wind turbine. The hour-long wind energy profiles varied over wind turbulence intensity (Class A or Class C) and average wind speed (5, 7, or 9 m/s).To match the power limits of the 1.25-MW electrolyzer and 3.4-MW IEA wind turbine most effectively and to maximize the efficiency of hydrogen production at a given average wind speed, the profiles were sometimes scaled by two times. This means that, in some cases, the experimental setup assumed two 1.25-MW electrolyzers were coupled with the wind turbine, representing a total maximum electrolysis load of 2.5 MW. Finally, NLR experimented with two settings for the electrolyzer power supply minimum and maximum current ramp rates (gain and slew): 200 and 400 amperes per second.The simulated profiles were translated from power (kilowatts) to current (amperes) using a curve fit with calibration data and sent to the electrolyzer power supply at 1-Hz frequency. These datasets report relevant hydrogen balance-of-plant and system data, all captured at 1 Hz, including hydrogen mass production measured with an Emerson Coriolis flow meter. Each .zip file represents a single wind turbine electrolysis experiment and is formatted as follows:{technology}-{average wind speed}-{turbulence class}_{number of 1.25 MW electrolyzers connected}-{electrolyzer ramp rate in amperes/second}For instance, “windIEA3.4-5ms-C_2-400.zip” represents the hour-long experiment using the IEA 3.4-MW turbine, subjected to an average wind speed of 5 m/s and Class C wind turbulence, and connected to two 1.25-MW electrolyzers with the power supply set to a maximum current ramp rate (gain and slew) of 400 A/s. Each .zip folder contains the following files:A .csv file containing raw data.An .xlsx file explaining all the fields in the raw data.A .png plot showing the time series of hydrogen production in kilograms per hour, electrolysis power consumption, and input wind turbine power.An experiment labeled “characterization_200.zip” demonstrates the MC250 electrolyzer steady-state response with 30 minute load steps for a total duration of 5 hours.Finally, a .csv file is provided with all simulated wind experiments combined into one dataset labeled "combined_wind_experiments.csv".NLR also built an AI/machine-learning predictive model based on these datasets. The model ingests the electrolyzer current command in amperes, as well as various pressures and temperatures across the system, and predicts hydrogen output in kilograms per hour. The complete model can be found at huggingface.co/NREL/ptmelt-hydrogen-electrolysis.

Access & Use Information

Public: This dataset is intended for public access and use. License: Creative Commons Attribution

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Dates

Metadata Created Date December 13, 2025
Metadata Updated Date December 13, 2025

Metadata Source

Harvested from OpenEI data.json

Additional Metadata

Resource Type Dataset
Metadata Created Date December 13, 2025
Metadata Updated Date December 13, 2025
Publisher National Laboratory of the Rockies
Maintainer
Identifier https://data.openei.org/submissions/8585
Data First Published 2025-12-12T22:24:42Z
Data Last Modified 2025-12-12T22:52:54Z
Public Access Level public
Bureau Code 019:20
Metadata Context https://openei.org/data.json
Metadata Catalog ID https://openei.org/data.json
Schema Version https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema
Catalog Describedby https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.json
Data Quality True
Harvest Object Id 73952338-cd84-4d2e-a283-84e4dbfd0424
Harvest Source Id 7cbf9085-0290-4e9f-bec1-91653baeddfd
Harvest Source Title OpenEI data.json
Homepage URL https://data.nrel.gov/submissions/305
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Program Code 019:023, 019:000, 019:007, 019:010
Projectnumber WBS 7.3.0.508
Projecttitle Public Reference Data for Megawatt-Scale Hydrogen Electrolysis Production and Energy Storage Using Fuel Cell Power
Source Datajson Identifier True
Source Hash 7add32fa609189a129a6a112f9868dd154c164775ff26eb804d1b25318f5acf5
Source Schema Version 1.1

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