This dataset contains pesticide-concentration values and other information for water samples and quality-control samples collected at surface-water sites on the Hawaiian Islands of Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Maui, and Hawaiʻi between November 2016 and June 2019. The water water samples and quality-control samples were collected for a study that assessed pesticides in surface water in Hawaiʻi, as described in a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) report available at https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245071. The USGS National Water Quality Laboratory analyzed the water samples for pesticides that consisted of active ingredients in pesticide products and degradates of active ingredients in pesticide products. This dataset has three comma-separated value (csv) files. The first csv file (1_water_samples.csv) contains information for the water samples and quality-control samples. The second csv file (2_pesticide_concentrations_WS.csv) contains pesticide-concentration values for the water samples and also contains water-quality standards and benchmarks established by the USGS, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the State of Hawaiʻi. The third csv file (3_pesticide_concentrations_QC.csv) contains pesticide-concentration values and other information for quality-control samples. Concentration values in the second file were retrieved from the USGS National Water Information System (https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN) and are subject to revision. Users can access the concentration values at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN and at The Water-Quality Portal (https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QRKUVJ). Information for the sample sites is available at https://doi.org/10.5066/P95XY6ZY and https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN.