The Wireless Spectrum R&D Interagency Working Group workshop, Artificial Intelligence and Wireless Spectrum: Opportunities and Challenges, was held in August 2019 to explore the role of AI techniques to improve wireless spectrum use and management. The workshop underscored the opportunities and challenges facing next-generation wireless spectrum management in the areas of future communications networks, dynamic spectrum allocation and policy management, and spectrum sharing. AI technologies appear to have high potential for the wireless spectrum domain. However, there are fundamental challenges that need to be addressed. For example, AI-based solutions need to be well-defined, supported by the appropriate datasets, and able to be verified and validated. Continual acquisition and appropriate use of trustworthy, validated data and datasets will be critical components of both the opportunities and the challenges AI presents to wireless spectrum policy and management.