This National Spectrum Research and Development Plan identifies key innovation areas for spectrum research as directed under Pillar 3 of the National Spectrum Strategy (NSS - November 2023): “Unprecedented Spectrum Innovation, Access, and Management through Technology Development” objective 3.2: “Commit to improving collective understanding of the electromagnetic spectrum through coordinated, focused, and sophisticated research and development (R&D)”. This Plan reflects recommendations from federal stakeholders and responses from industry, academia and the public to a Request for Information published in February 2024. This Plan was informed by public input from U.S. universities, companies and industry trade organizations submitted in response to a public Request for Information. Federal agency inputs were gathered through the WSRD IWG of the National Information Technology R&D (NITRD) Program. This Plan will be revised and updated on a periodic basis. Revisions to this Plan will include stakeholder consultation via the collaborative framework mandated by the National Spectrum Strategy.