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    • LLMs for EV Infrastructure Permitting

    Metadata Updated: January 13, 2026

    The Electric Vehicle (EV) charging permitting processes' database is a novel, multi-jurisdictional resource designed to contain the required codes and compliances in a structured database. Within this database are three tables, each structured with 287 columns, designed to capture detailed information spanning electrical, structural, zoning, and accessibility aspects, along with data regarding fees, reviews, and process durations. The database contains 99 state-level documents pertaining to 36 U.S. states, in addition to 87 county-level and 101 city-level documents, thus offering a complete overview of guidance and practices regarding permitting.

    The data was gathered via an Azure-hosted GPT-4o workflow, supplemented by targeted manual Google searches. State and county materials were located and extracted using the GPT-4o model. The Large Language Models (LLM) were used in conjunction with the decision tree framework with targeted prompts to extract the key information. The structured database incorporates Tables 1-3 included below as resources, as well as Table 4 which provides the scores for each document based on the scoring criteria in the paper (to be added after publication). The database can be used to compare and identify the patterns and trends in the requirements across different authorities having jurisdictions. This resource can be used by researchers, policymakers, and project teams.

    Note: LLMs are known to make mistakes in interpreting complex procedural documents and therefore no one should rely solely on this database to inform their own real-world EV infrastructure projects.

    Other content to navigate the database can be found in the "Database Information" resource below.

    Access & Use Information

    Public: This dataset is intended for public access and use. License: Creative Commons Attribution

    Downloads & Resources

    Dates

    Metadata Created Date November 4, 2025
    Metadata Updated Date January 13, 2026

    Metadata Source

    Harvested from OpenEI data.json

    Other Data Resources

    Additional Metadata

    Resource Type Dataset
    Metadata Created Date November 4, 2025
    Metadata Updated Date January 13, 2026
    Publisher National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL)
    Maintainer
    Identifier https://data.openei.org/submissions/8540
    Data First Published 2025-09-24T06:00:00Z
    Data Last Modified 2026-01-12T17:45:02Z
    Public Access Level public
    Bureau Code 019:20
    Metadata Context https://openei.org/data.json
    Metadata Catalog ID https://openei.org/data.json
    Schema Version https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema
    Catalog Describedby https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.json
    Data Quality True
    Harvest Object Id 3703b869-5b36-4b02-bd5f-0af7f8e0a268
    Harvest Source Id 7cbf9085-0290-4e9f-bec1-91653baeddfd
    Harvest Source Title OpenEI data.json
    Homepage URL https://data.openei.org/submissions/8540
    License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    Old Spatial {"type":"Polygon","coordinates":-125.4514,24.5873,-66.5318,24.5873,-66.5318,49.2637,-125.4514,49.2637,-125.4514,24.5873}
    Program Code 019:003
    Projectnumber 52838
    Projecttitle LLMs for EV Infrastructure Permitting
    Source Datajson Identifier True
    Source Hash 3c96d9f4b01ac38561c75040a67828cba51d502cb2854198016089f4011477ff
    Source Schema Version 1.1
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