This data release contains geochemical data from selected U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) projects from the 1960s-1980s that were previously unpublished as digital data. The objective of those projects was to describe the geology, determine petrologic and geochemical characteristics, or to evaluate the mineral resource potential of Federal Lands and adjacent study areas. These data comprise geochemical analyses from 36,498 samples--27,223 rock samples, 4,091 sediment samples, 2,351 soil samples, 330 heavy-mineral pan concentrate samples, 297 organic material samples, 58 mineral samples, 27 water samples, 11 miscellaneous samples, and 2,110 unspecified media samples. More than 78 percent of these samples were analyzed by a multi-element semi-quantitative visual 6-step emission spectrography method. Other analytical methods include flame-atomic absorption spectrophotometry, colorimetry, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, fire assay, and ion specific electrode. Included in this data set are 11,599 samples that do not have location coordinates. Also, 2,110 samples are only identified as "geologic material" samples since the specific sample media type information was not recorded. These data were included since they may still have value based on their general location and range of elemental concentrations.