The University of Hawaii at Manoa and the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the County of Maui Department of Water Supply and the State of Hawaii Commission on Water Resource Management, initiated a field data-collection program to measure the transpiration characteristics of native and non-native invasive plants within forested areas on the island of Maui. The field data collection is part of a study to quantify the impacts of high-priority non-native and dominant native plant species on freshwater resources throughout the State of Hawaii (https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/hi.water.usgs.gov/studies/maui_eco/ index.html). The overall objective of the study is to provide needed information for (1) assessing species-specific impacts on freshwater resources and (2) reducing uncertainty in regional recharge estimates associated with forested areas. This dataset includes a summary of measurements of leaf-level gas exchange characteristics and leaf-area index at four study sites on the island of Maui, Hawaii between September 2017 and August 2018.