LANDFIRE Annual Disturbance AK 2024

LANDFIRE's Final Annual Disturbance 2024 (Dist24) product provides annual spatial and temporal records of landscape change. The Dist24 product identifies satellite-detected areas exceeding 4.5 hectares (11 acres) representing natural or human-caused changes within a period of October 1, 2023 – September 30, 2024). It also incorporates fire activity and field treatments as small as 80 square meters. While Limited Annual Disturbance (LDist) is a first “draft” of the LF annual disturbance product suite, and PDist is akin to a second “draft”, this product is the final “draft” for the given version. The three LF 2024 annual disturbance products leverage multiple data sources, including: 1) National fire mapping programs (Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS), Burned Area Reflectance Classification (BARC), and Rapid Assessment of Vegetation Condition after Wildfire (RAVG)) for fire severity information; 2) Agency-reported disturbance and treatment events (19 classes, e.g., disease, insects, development, harvest); and 3) Harmonized Landsat Sentinel (HLS) imagery is used to capture landscape changes not identified by other sources. Image analysts review and edit these data to maintain high quality standards. LF Annual Disturbance products are derived from individual Harmonized Landsat Sentinel (HLS) scenes. They are stacked and composited (band-by-band) using the 15th, 50th, and 90th percentiles to mitigate the effects of data gaps, clouds or other anomalies. Change detection is performed using Normalized Differenced Vegetation Index (dNDVI), the Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio dNBR, and the Multi-Index Integrated Change Algorithm (MIICA) (Jin et al. 2013) and others (i.e., SAFER derived from composite imagery of the current and two prior years). Image analysts use this information to differentiate true change from commission errors caused by stark phenological differences, image artifacts, or difficult-to-map features (e.g., wetlands). MTBS, BARC, or RAVG program mapped fire disturbances may contain cloud- or water-induced data gaps. They are filled using models trained on pre- and post-fire HLS data, providing continuous severity and extent information. Smaller fires not meeting the size criteria set according to the fire programs will be attributed as fire-possible if overlapping with Burned Area (BA) Level-3 science products from Landsat 8 and 9. BA data is only available in the lower 48 states (CONUS). Causality and type assignments for annual disturbance products are prioritized by data source: fire mapping program data (MTBS, BARC, and RAVG), user-contributed events contained in the LF Events Geodatabase, and lastly, satellite image-based change. Severity is assigned directly from fire program data. For user-contributed events and satellite-detected change, severity is derived from the standard deviation values of pre- and post-burn dNBR data. The start date is used to assign fiscal and calendar years to fire program and Event disturbances and treatments, while all other disturbances use the end date.

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