The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, 2003-04 (IPEDS 2003-04), was a study that was part of the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) program; program data is available since 1980 at . IPEDS 2003-04 (https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/) was a cross-sectional survey designed to collect basic data from all postsecondary institutions in the United States and the other jurisdictions. Key statistics produced from IPEDS 2003-04 allowed the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) to describe the size of one of the nation's largest enterprises--postsecondary education-- in terms of students enrolled, degrees and other awards earned, dollars expended, and staff employed. All Title IV institutions were required to respond to IPEDS (see Section 490 of the Higher Education Amendments of 1992 [P.L. 102-325; 20 U.S.C. 1070 et seq.]). IPEDS allowed other, non-Title IV institutions to participate on a voluntary basis, but only about 200 elected to respond.