Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Historical water temperature profiles collected by max-min thermometer from the HMS Challenger over the Global Ocean from 1873-2-15 to 1876-5-06 (NCEI Accession 0178641)

Published by NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce | Catalog Last Checked: August 03, 2026 at 03:16 AM | Dataset Last Updated: November 29, 2018 at 12:00 AM
This dataset contains historical water temperature profiles collected over the Global Ocean from the HMS Challenger from 1873-2-15 to 1876-5-06. For comparisons, the World Ocean Circulation Experiment modern-day ocean temperature climatology is included at observation sites. These data are supplementary data for Gebbie & Huybers manuscript "The Little Ice Age and 20th Century Deep Pacific Cooling" published in the Science magazine. Data are in CSV format.

Resources

7 resources available

Find Related Datasets

Search by Tags

Click any tag below to search for similar datasets

0178641 WATER TEMPERATURE thermometer in situ physical HMS Challenger Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Banda Sea

Complete Metadata
@type dcat:Dataset
accessLevel non-public
contactPoint 
{
  "fn": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information",
  "@type": "vcard:Contact",
  "hasEmail": "mailto:ncei.info@noaa.gov"
}
describedByType application/octet-steam
description This dataset contains historical water temperature profiles collected over the Global Ocean from the HMS Challenger from 1873-2-15 to 1876-5-06. For comparisons, the World Ocean Circulation Experiment modern-day ocean temperature climatology is included at observation sites. These data are supplementary data for Gebbie & Huybers manuscript "The Little Ice Age and 20th Century Deep Pacific Cooling" published in the Science magazine. Data are in CSV format.
distribution 
[
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "NCEI Dataset Landing Page",
    "accessURL": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0178641",
    "mediaType": "text/html",
    "description": "Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.",
    "describedByType": "application/octet-stream"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "Descriptive Information",
    "accessURL": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/178641",
    "mediaType": "text/html",
    "description": "Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.",
    "describedByType": "application/octet-stream"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "HTTPS",
    "accessURL": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/178641",
    "mediaType": "text/html",
    "description": "Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download.",
    "describedByType": "application/octet-stream"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "FTP",
    "accessURL": "ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0128/0178641/",
    "mediaType": "text/html",
    "description": "These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).",
    "describedByType": "application/octet-stream"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar8413",
    "mediaType": "placeholder/value",
    "description": "related journal article",
    "downloadURL": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar8413",
    "describedByType": "application/octet-stream"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "GCMD Keyword Forum Page",
    "accessURL": "https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords",
    "mediaType": "text/html",
    "description": "Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords",
    "describedByType": "application/octet-stream"
  },
  {
    "@type": "dcat:Distribution",
    "title": "NCEI Contact Information",
    "accessURL": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact",
    "mediaType": "text/html",
    "description": "Information for contacts at NCEI.",
    "describedByType": "application/octet-stream"
  }
]
identifier https://data.noaa.gov/waf/NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/accessions/iso/xml/0178641.xml
issued 2018-11-14T00:00:00.000+00:00
keyword 
[
  "0178641",
  "WATER TEMPERATURE",
  "thermometer",
  "in situ",
  "physical",
  "HMS Challenger",
  "Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution",
  "Banda Sea",
  "Bass Strait",
  "Bismarck Sea",
  "Celebes Sea (Sulawesi Sea and Mindanao Sea)",
  "Coral Sea",
  "Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary",
  "Indian Ocean",
  "Molucca Sea",
  "North Atlantic Ocean",
  "North Pacific Ocean",
  "Philippine Sea",
  "Rio de la Plata",
  "South Atlantic Ocean",
  "South China Sea (Nan Hai)",
  "South Pacific Ocean",
  "Southern Ocean",
  "Sulu Sea",
  "Tasman Sea",
  "oceanography",
  "WHOI > WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN TEMPERATURE > WATER TEMPERATURE",
  "THERMOMETERS > THERMOMETERS",
  "HMS CHALLENGER (ICES code: 74R2)",
  "OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN",
  "OCEAN > ATLANTIC OCEAN > SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN",
  "OCEAN > INDIAN OCEAN",
  "OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS",
  "OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN",
  "OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN",
  "OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH CHINA AND EASTERN ARCHIPELAGIC SEAS",
  "OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN > SOUTH CHINA SEA",
  "OCEAN > SOUTHERN OCEAN",
  "UFHE5E"
]
landingPage https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
language 
[]
license https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
modified 2018-11-29T00:00:00.000+00:00
publisher 
{
  "name": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information",
  "@type": "org:Organization"
}
references 
[
  "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar8413"
]
rights otherRestrictions
spatial 180.0,-65.7,-180.0,43.07
temporal 1873-02-15T00:00:00+00:00/1876-05-06T00:00:00+00:00
theme 
[
  "geospatial"
]
title Historical water temperature profiles collected by max-min thermometer from the HMS Challenger over the Global Ocean from 1873-2-15 to 1876-5-06 (NCEI Accession 0178641)

data.gov

An official website of the GSA's Technology Transformation Services

Looking for U.S. government information and services?
Visit USA.gov