High Angular Momentum Coupling for Enhanced Sensing in the VHF Band
Recent advances in Rydberg atom electrometry detail promising applications in radiofrequency (RF) communications. Presently, most applications use carrier frequencies greater than 1 GHz where resonant Autler-Townes splitting provides the highest antenna sensitivity. This letter documents a series of experiments with Rydberg atomic antennas to collect and process waveforms from the automated identification system (AIS) used in maritime navigation in the VHF band. This is difficult with conventional resonant Autler-Townes based Rydberg sensing. Measurements were taken using electrically induced transparency (EIT) in rubidium and cesium vapor cells. We show the results from a newly published method called High Angular Momentum Matching Excited Raman (HAMMER) that enhances low frequency detection and exhibits superior sensitivity compared to the traditional AC Stark effect detection. We show the relationship between incident electric field strength and observed signal to noise ratio. With these results, we estimate the useable range of the atomic vapor cell antenna for AIS waveforms given current technology and detection techniques.
Resources
7 resources available
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README
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Data for figure 2: This data shows the stark shifting present for the 49 G and 49 F rydberg states.
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Figure 4 data: Spectrum of signal received
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Data for figure 9.
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Figure 5 data: SNR vs field strength received
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Figure 6 data: Packet success rate vs field strength received
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Figure 7 data: SNR improvement utilizing a split ring resonator
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Complete Metadata
| @type | dcat:Dataset |
|---|---|
| accessLevel | public |
| bureauCode |
[ "006:55" ] |
| contactPoint |
{ "fn": "Nik Prajapati", "hasEmail": "mailto:nikunjkumar.prajapati@nist.gov" } |
| description | Recent advances in Rydberg atom electrometry detail promising applications in radiofrequency (RF) communications. Presently, most applications use carrier frequencies greater than 1 GHz where resonant Autler-Townes splitting provides the highest antenna sensitivity. This letter documents a series of experiments with Rydberg atomic antennas to collect and process waveforms from the automated identification system (AIS) used in maritime navigation in the VHF band. This is difficult with conventional resonant Autler-Townes based Rydberg sensing. Measurements were taken using electrically induced transparency (EIT) in rubidium and cesium vapor cells. We show the results from a newly published method called High Angular Momentum Matching Excited Raman (HAMMER) that enhances low frequency detection and exhibits superior sensitivity compared to the traditional AC Stark effect detection. We show the relationship between incident electric field strength and observed signal to noise ratio. With these results, we estimate the useable range of the atomic vapor cell antenna for AIS waveforms given current technology and detection techniques. |
| distribution |
[ { "title": "README", "format": "README", "mediaType": "text/plain", "description": "README", "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-3062/3062_README.txt" }, { "title": "Data for figure 2: This data shows the stark shifting present for the 49 G and 49 F rydberg states.", "format": "The first column of the data gives the field strength applied (V/cm). The rest of the columns give the stark shift in MHz for the different Rydberg states as labeled.", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "description": "The stark maps show the effects of external electric fields on the Rydberg states. We also see that the 49 G and the 49 F states separate based on their mj contribution. The polarizabilities to determine the shifts were calculated using the ARC rydberg atom calculator.", "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-3062/fig2data.xlsx" }, { "title": "Figure 4 data: Spectrum of signal received", "format": "The first column of the data is the spectrum analyzer frequency. The rest of the columns give the signal power for each frequency for different received field strengths.", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "description": "This data is from figure 4 which shows the spectrum of the signal received for different values of electric field strengths received.", "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-3062/fig4data.xlsx" }, { "title": "Data for figure 9.", "format": "There are two sets of data, one for Rb and one for Cs. The first column is radio gain and the second column is the measured field.", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "description": "This data is the calibration data for the Cs atoms and the Rb atoms. It shows the experimental measurement of the stark shift for different applied powers of the radio.", "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-3062/fig9data.xlsx" }, { "title": "Figure 5 data: SNR vs field strength received", "format": "There are 4 groups of data that give field strength in one column and SNR in another. The different groups are for the two different atoms (RB and CS) and the two different methods for each (Stark and HAMMER).", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "description": "This is data for figure 5. The data was extracted from figure 4. We integrate the signal spectrum and the noise and take the ration of the two to determine the signal to noise (SNR) in dB.", "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-3062/fig5data.xlsx" }, { "title": "Figure 6 data: Packet success rate vs field strength received", "format": "There are 4 groups of data that give field strength in one column and packet success rate in another. The different groups are for the two different atoms (RB and CS) and the two different methods for each (Stark and HAMMER).", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "description": "This is data for figure 6. We use the software defined radio to receive modulated signal packet and check what ratio of packets pass a checksum to determine if the data was received well. We do this for both the Stark and Hammer method for both atoms. So there are four data groups in the file.", "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-3062/fig6data.xlsx" }, { "title": "Figure 7 data: SNR improvement utilizing a split ring resonator", "format": "The data is given in 3 columns. Column 1 gives the spectrum analyzer frequency, column 2 gives the signal spectrum without a split ring present, and column 3 gives the spectrum with the split ring resonator present.", "mediaType": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "description": "This is data for figure 7. We compare the effect of the SNR in the presence and absence of a split ring resonator that has been known to improve measurement.", "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-3062/fig7data.xlsx" } ] |
| identifier | ark:/88434/mds2-3062 |
| issued | 2024-02-13 |
| keyword |
[ "Electrometry", "Rydberg atoms", "quantum optics", "radio frequency", "very high frequency" ] |
| language |
[ "en" ] |
| license | https://www.nist.gov/open/license |
| modified | 2023-08-23 00:00:00 |
| programCode |
[ "006:045" ] |
| publisher |
{ "name": "National Institute of Standards and Technology", "@type": "org:Organization" } |
| theme |
[ "Physics:Atomic, molecular, and quantum" ] |
| title | High Angular Momentum Coupling for Enhanced Sensing in the VHF Band |
