Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Skip to content
  • Feedback

    • Global climatology of 13 underwater acoustic parameters derived from WOA-2023 (NCEI Accession 0290599)

    Metadata Updated: September 2, 2025

    Acoustics is most effective in undersea detection, localization, and communication. However, there is no global climatology of underwater acoustic parameters. A multiple gradient method is used to analyze the sound speed profile, which is calculated from temperature and salinity profiles using the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater-2010 (TEOS-10) to get the sonic layer depth (SLD), deep sound channel (DSC) axis depth, and second sound channel (SSC) axis depth from the gridded (0.25 degree, 1 degree, 5 degree) temperature and salinity fields of the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) world ocean atlas 2023. With the given (SLD, DSC axis depth, SSC axis depth), the other acoustic parameters are calculated such as sound speed at the surface, sound speed at the SLD, sound speed at the DSC axis, sound speed at the SSC axis, in-layer gradient, below-layer gradient, surface duct cut-off frequency, deep sound channel strength, critical depth of the DSC, depth excess, and second sound channel strength. Data are in NetCDF.

    Access & Use Information

    License: No license information was provided. If this work was prepared by an officer or employee of the United States government as part of that person's official duties it is considered a U.S. Government Work.

    Downloads & Resources

    Dates

    Metadata Date 2025-05-16T15:33:58Z
    Metadata Created Date February 1, 2025
    Metadata Updated Date September 2, 2025
    Reference Date(s) April 1, 2024 (publication), January 21, 2025 (revision)
    Frequency Of Update asNeeded

    Metadata Source

    Harvested from NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/accessions

    Other Data Resources

    Graphic Preview

    Preview graphic

    Additional Metadata

    Resource Type Dataset
    Metadata Date 2025-05-16T15:33:58Z
    Metadata Created Date February 1, 2025
    Metadata Updated Date September 2, 2025
    Reference Date(s) April 1, 2024 (publication), January 21, 2025 (revision)
    Responsible Party (Point of Contact)
    Contact Email
    Guid gov.noaa.nodc:0290599
    Access Constraints Cite as: Chu, Peter C.; Fan, Chenwu (2024). Global climatology of 13 underwater acoustic parameters derived from WOA-2023 (NCEI Accession 0290599). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/fe7c-5f76. Accessed [date]., Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
    Bbox East Long 180
    Bbox North Lat 90
    Bbox South Lat -90
    Bbox West Long -180
    Coupled Resource
    Frequency Of Update asNeeded
    Graphic Preview Description Preview graphic
    Graphic Preview File https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/gfx?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0290599
    Graphic Preview Type PNG
    Harvest Object Id 56118a2d-71e6-47e6-a0f5-e2d64463f2b7
    Harvest Source Id c084a438-6f6b-470d-93e0-16aeddb9f513
    Harvest Source Title NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/accessions
    Licence accessLevel: Public
    Lineage
    Metadata Language eng
    Metadata Type geospatial
    Old Spatial {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-180.0, -90.0], [180.0, -90.0], [180.0, 90.0], [-180.0, 90.0], [-180.0, -90.0]]]}
    Progress completed
    Spatial Data Service Type
    Spatial Reference System
    Spatial Harvester True
    Temporal Extent Begin 1900-01-01
    Temporal Extent End 2023-12-31

    Didn't find what you're looking for? Suggest a dataset here.