The Oregon stream temperatures used in Fig. 1 were sourced from 58 sites monitored by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality and 17 sites monitored by The United States Geological Survey. These data are publicly available at https://www.oregon.gov/deq/wq/Pages/WQdata.aspx and https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/sw, respectively. The water temperature data used in Figs. 2–4 are posted on GitHub at https://github.com/chris3jordan/Growth-Potential. The code for processing water temperature and growth potential data for Figs. 2–4 is posted on GitHub at https://github.com/chris3jordan/Growth-Potential. The code for the numerical simulation is posted on GitHub at https://github.com/aimeefullerton/growth_regime_IBM.

This dataset is associated with the following publication: Armstrong, J.B., A.H. Fullerton, C.E. Jordan, J. Ebersole, J.R. Bellmore, I. Arismendi, B. Penaluna, and G.H. Reeves. The importance of warm habitat to the growth regime of cold-water fishes. Nature Climate Change. Nature Publishing Group, New York, NY, USA, 00994, (2021).