Within the Caribbean region, numerous unexplored seamounts punctuate the seafloor holding records of geologic, biologic and oceanographic processes over different time-scales. Seamounts are topographically and oceanographically complex with environmental characteristics that vary greatly within and among seamounts. Differences in environmental characteristics may influence community structure among seamounts, yet to our knowledge no studies to date have examined these factors across multiple spatial scales of a seamount chain. Seamounts have often been suggested to be oases, biodiversity hotspots, islands, and centers for endemism in the deep sea; however, many of these hypotheses are only beginning to be explored in detail. Exploration of seamount environments in the Greater Antilles/Lesser Antilles transition zone including enhanced mapping efforts, ROV surveys, discrete collections, and ecological studies will provide insight into their geological origin, the spatial distribution, ecology, and biodiversity of associated fauna, and placement of this region in a global biogeographic context.