Estimates of the start years, end years, and duration of barren areas and grasslands/mix as well as year of planting trees and percent recovered (2022) within mining footprints for the Appalachian region of the Eastern United States (all known active, inactive, abandoned, and legacy surface mines)
We developed multiple raster datasets that estimate the year when trees appear to have been planted, the percent recovery of those plantings, and the start years, end years, and duration of barren, grassland, and grass/shrub years areas occurring within mining footprints for the Appalachian region of the Eastern United States (all known active, inactive, abandoned, and legacy surface mines). The year of planting was based on identifying where trees existed after 1985 and persisted for 10 years. The percent recovery was defined using the aggregated recovery metric (ARM) established by the central Appalachian mine reforestation assessment (CAMRA) tool to assess vegetation (forest) recovery for trees (pixels) within surface mines. The data reflecting start years, end years, and duration of barren, grassland, and grass/shrub years may help inform management of restoration efforts. These results describe annual remotely sensed vegetation indices, including the normalized difference vegetation index, normalized burn ratio, and normalized moisture difference index, that we derived from Landsat imagery (1985-2022). We also provide several categories of raster datasets describing barren, grassland, and grass/shrub cover types, each capturing persistence, start year, and end year.
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Complete Metadata
| @type | dcat:Dataset |
|---|---|
| accessLevel | public |
| bureauCode |
[ "010:12" ] |
| contactPoint |
{ "fn": "Michael O'Donnell", "@type": "vcard:Contact", "hasEmail": "mailto:odonnellm@usgs.gov" } |
| description | We developed multiple raster datasets that estimate the year when trees appear to have been planted, the percent recovery of those plantings, and the start years, end years, and duration of barren, grassland, and grass/shrub years areas occurring within mining footprints for the Appalachian region of the Eastern United States (all known active, inactive, abandoned, and legacy surface mines). The year of planting was based on identifying where trees existed after 1985 and persisted for 10 years. The percent recovery was defined using the aggregated recovery metric (ARM) established by the central Appalachian mine reforestation assessment (CAMRA) tool to assess vegetation (forest) recovery for trees (pixels) within surface mines. The data reflecting start years, end years, and duration of barren, grassland, and grass/shrub years may help inform management of restoration efforts. These results describe annual remotely sensed vegetation indices, including the normalized difference vegetation index, normalized burn ratio, and normalized moisture difference index, that we derived from Landsat imagery (1985-2022). We also provide several categories of raster datasets describing barren, grassland, and grass/shrub cover types, each capturing persistence, start year, and end year. |
| distribution |
[ { "@type": "dcat:Distribution", "title": "Digital Data", "format": "XML", "accessURL": "https://doi.org/10.5066/P13ZNPX8", "mediaType": "application/http", "description": "Landing page for access to the data" }, { "@type": "dcat:Distribution", "title": "Original Metadata", "format": "XML", "mediaType": "text/xml", "description": "The metadata original format", "downloadURL": "https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/metadata/USGS.69f8fd51b66b014d9c576d08.xml" } ] |
| identifier | http://datainventory.doi.gov/id/dataset/USGS_69f8fd51b66b014d9c576d08 |
| keyword |
[ "Alabama", "Appalachian Mountains", "Georgia", "Illinois", "Indiana", "Kentucky", "Maryland", "New Jersey", "New York", "North Carolina", "Ohio", "Pennsylvania", "South Carolina", "Tennessee", "USGS:69f8fd51b66b014d9c576d08", "United States", "Virginia", "West Virginia", "abandoned mine lands", "abandoned mines and quarries", "active mines", "biota", "boundaries", "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere", "elevation", "environment", "geography", "health", "inactive mines", "land surface characteristics", "land use and land cover", "land use change", "legacy mines", "remote sensing", "spatial analysis", "surface mines", "topography", "vegetation" ] |
| modified | 2026-05-27T00:00:00Z |
| publisher |
{ "name": "U.S. Geological Survey", "@type": "org:Organization" } |
| spatial | -89.4009, 32.7510, -73.4926, 42.5719 |
| theme |
[ "geospatial" ] |
| title | Estimates of the start years, end years, and duration of barren areas and grasslands/mix as well as year of planting trees and percent recovered (2022) within mining footprints for the Appalachian region of the Eastern United States (all known active, inactive, abandoned, and legacy surface mines) |
