A total of 30 isolates of Colletotrichum sublineola, causal agent of sorghum anthracnose were collected from Georgia, North Carolina, Puerto Rico, and Texas. Data for their virulence patterns on 18 sorghum differentials, RTx2536, SC748-5, Martin (BTx398), TAM428, BTx430, Brandes, SC112-14, Theis, BTx378, SC326-6, SC283, BTx623, SC328C, SC414-12E, PI570841, PI570726, PI569979, and IS18760 were collected from greenhouse trials in College Station, Texas by Louis K. Prom, Ezekiel J. S. Ahn, Ramasamy Perumal, Hugo E. Cuevas, William L. Rooney, Thomas S. Isakeit, and Clint W. Magill between 2014 and 2018. As described by Prom et al. 2012 and 2024, plants were assessed for anthracnose infection twice, 30 days post-inoculation and a week later using disease rating scale 1-5, where 1 = no symptoms or chlorotic flecks on leaves; 2 = hypersensitive reaction (reddening or red spots) on inoculated leaves but no acervuli formation; 3 = lesions on inoculated and bottom leaves with acervuli in the center; 4 = necrotic lesions with acervuli observed on inoculated and bottom leaves with infection spreading to middle leaves, and not yet on the flag leaves; and 5 = most leaves dead due to infection with infection on the flag leaf containing abundant acervuli. The symptom types were then categorized into two reaction classes, resistant = rating 1 or 2; and susceptible = rating 3, 4, or 5. As noted in the dataset, R = resistant response and S = susceptible response.