We investigated relationships among amphipod abundances (specifically, Gammarus lacustris and Hyalella azteca), land uses, and pyrethroid insecticide contamination in wetlands of Minnesota in years 2019 and 2020. Our study design targeted a large gradient of amphipod abundances and accounted for water quality, hydrology, and habitat metrics that commonly influence invertebrates. We found a significant, negative relationship between pyrethroid concentrations and the abundance of the two amphipod species. Pyrethroids were detected at relatively low concentrations (<2.5 ng/g sediment) in 44% of study wetlands and occurred most frequently in intensively cropped watersheds with low vegetative filter strip coverage. Wetlands on state and federal wildlife reserves had similar occurrence of pyrethroids to croplands.