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Data for "Enhanced Gain Extrapolation Technique: a third-order scattering approach for high-accuracy antenna gain, sparse sampling, at Fresnel distances"

Published by National Institute of Standards and Technology | National Institute of Standards and Technology | Catalog Last Checked: September 02, 2026 at 07:18 PM | Dataset Last Updated: April 12, 2024
In this paper we describe an enhanced three-antenna gain extrapolation technique that allows one to determine antenna gain with significantly fewer data points and at closer distances than with the well-established traditional three-antenna gain extrapolation technique that has been in use for over five decades. As opposed to the traditional gain extrapolation technique, where high-order scattering is purposely ignored so as to isolate only the direct antenna-to-antenna coupling, we show that by incorporating third-order scattering the enhanced gain extrapolation technique can be obtained. The theoretical foundation using third-order scattering is developed and experimental results are presented comparing the enhanced technique and traditional technique for two sets of internationally recognized NIST reference standard gain horn antennas at X-band and Ku-band. We show that with the enhanced technique gain values for these antennas are readily obtained to within stated uncertainties of ±0.07 dB using as few as 10 data points per antenna pair, as opposed to approximately 4000 -to- 8000 data points per antenna pair that is needed with the traditional technique. Furthermore, with the described enhanced technique, antenna-to-antenna distances can be reduced by a factor of three, and up a factor of six in some cases, compared to the traditional technique, a significant reduction in the overall size requirement of facilities used to perform gain extrapolation measurements.

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Complete Metadata
@type dcat:Dataset
accessLevel public
bureauCode 
[
  "006:55"
]
contactPoint 
{
  "fn": "Josh Gordon",
  "hasEmail": "mailto:josh.gordon@nist.gov"
}
description In this paper we describe an enhanced three-antenna gain extrapolation technique that allows one to determine antenna gain with significantly fewer data points and at closer distances than with the well-established traditional three-antenna gain extrapolation technique that has been in use for over five decades. As opposed to the traditional gain extrapolation technique, where high-order scattering is purposely ignored so as to isolate only the direct antenna-to-antenna coupling, we show that by incorporating third-order scattering the enhanced gain extrapolation technique can be obtained. The theoretical foundation using third-order scattering is developed and experimental results are presented comparing the enhanced technique and traditional technique for two sets of internationally recognized NIST reference standard gain horn antennas at X-band and Ku-band. We show that with the enhanced technique gain values for these antennas are readily obtained to within stated uncertainties of ±0.07 dB using as few as 10 data points per antenna pair, as opposed to approximately 4000 -to- 8000 data points per antenna pair that is needed with the traditional technique. Furthermore, with the described enhanced technique, antenna-to-antenna distances can be reduced by a factor of three, and up a factor of six in some cases, compared to the traditional technique, a significant reduction in the overall size requirement of facilities used to perform gain extrapolation measurements.
distribution 
[
  {
    "title": "3222_README",
    "mediaType": "text/plain",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-3222/3222_README.txt"
  },
  {
    "title": "Fig2",
    "mediaType": "text/csv",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-3222/Figure2-CouplingCurve.csv"
  },
  {
    "title": "Fig4",
    "mediaType": "text/csv",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-3222/Figure4-15GHz-All-Fringes.csv"
  },
  {
    "title": "Fig5",
    "mediaType": "image/jpeg",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-3222/Figure5-8GHz-10GHz-Gain-Table.jpg"
  },
  {
    "title": "Fig6",
    "mediaType": "image/jpeg",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-3222/Figure6-12GHz-12.4GHz-Gain-Table.jpg"
  },
  {
    "title": "Fig7",
    "mediaType": "image/jpeg",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-3222/Figure7-15GHz-18GHz-Gain-Table.jpg"
  },
  {
    "title": "Gain Comparison Table IV",
    "mediaType": "text/csv",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-3222/Gain%20Comparison%20Table-IV.csv"
  },
  {
    "title": "Gain Uncertainty Table III",
    "mediaType": "text/csv",
    "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-3222/Gain%20Uncertainty%20Table-III.csv"
  }
]
identifier ark:/88434/mds2-3222
issued 2024-05-10
keyword 
[
  "Antenna",
  "antenna gain",
  "gain",
  "gain extrapolation",
  "sparse measurements"
]
landingPage https://data.nist.gov/od/id/mds2-3222
language 
[
  "en"
]
license https://www.nist.gov/open/license
modified 2024-04-12 00:00:00
programCode 
[
  "006:045"
]
publisher 
{
  "name": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
  "@type": "org:Organization"
}
theme 
[
  "Advanced Communications",
  "Advanced Communications:Wireless (RF)",
  "Electronics:Electromagnetics",
  "Metrology:Electrical/electromagnetic metrology",
  "Physics"
]
title Data for "Enhanced Gain Extrapolation Technique: a third-order scattering approach for high-accuracy antenna gain, sparse sampling, at Fresnel distances"

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