Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Skip to content

Comparison of four bacteriophages exposed to chlorine on stainless steel: complete data

Metadata Updated: June 25, 2024

The 2014 West African Ebola virus disease outbreak was the largest to date, and conflicting, chlorine-­based surface disinfection protocols to interrupt disease transmission were recommended. We identified only one study documenting surface disinfection efficacy against the Ebola virus, showing a >6.6 log reduction after 5­-minute exposure to 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) based on small­-scale tests (Cook et al. (2015)). In preparation for future extensive, large­-scale disinfection efficacy experiments, we replicated the Cook et al. experiment using four potential BSL­-1 surrogates selected based on similarities to the Ebola virus: bacteriophages MS2, M13, Phi6, and PR772. Each bacteriophage was exposed to 0.1% and 0.5% NaOCl for 1, 5, and 10 minutes on stainless steel. MS2 and M13 were only reduced by 3.4 log and 3.5 log after a 10-­minute exposure to 0.5% NaOCl, and would be overly conservative surrogates. Conversely, PR772 was too easily inactivated for surrogate use, as it was reduced by >4.8 log after only 1­-minute exposure to 0.5% NaOCl. Phi6 was slightly more resistant than the Ebola virus, with 4.1 log reduction after a 5­-minute exposure and not detected after a 10-­minute exposure to 0.5% NaOCl. We therefore recommend Phi6 as a surrogate for evaluating the efficacy of chlorine-­based surface disinfectants against the Ebola virus.

Access & Use Information

Public: This dataset is intended for public access and use. License: See this page for license information.

Downloads & Resources

References

https://data.usaid.gov/api/views/fz8p-6n6k/files/61c26071-b898-406b-89d5-751879b270fb

Dates

Metadata Created Date November 29, 2021
Metadata Updated Date June 25, 2024

Metadata Source

Harvested from USAID JSON

Additional Metadata

Resource Type Dataset
Metadata Created Date November 29, 2021
Metadata Updated Date June 25, 2024
Publisher data.usaid.gov
Maintainer
Identifier https://data.usaid.gov/api/views/fz8p-6n6k
Data First Published 2020-03-05
Data Last Modified 2024-06-25
Category Other Public Health Threats
Public Access Level public
Bureau Code 184:15
Metadata Context https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.jsonld
Metadata Catalog ID https://data.usaid.gov/data.json
Schema Version https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema
Catalog Describedby https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.json
Harvest Object Id f6beceb2-7771-4c02-8cde-0fbca4d6929c
Harvest Source Id 0aeddf52-9cb0-4ab6-bc1f-b53172fe5348
Harvest Source Title USAID JSON
Homepage URL https://data.usaid.gov/d/fz8p-6n6k
License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/legalcode
Program Code 184:034
Related Documents https://data.usaid.gov/api/views/fz8p-6n6k/files/61c26071-b898-406b-89d5-751879b270fb
Source Datajson Identifier True
Source Hash f15c6b01cba4677ccd10b0de308c1000909abb9faaceccca2502d3ad9d765e7a
Source Schema Version 1.1

Didn't find what you're looking for? Suggest a dataset here.