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Cell fate decision: T-helper 1 and 2 subsets in immune responses

Published by National Institutes of Health | U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Catalog Last Checked: July 31, 2026 at 09:40 PM | Dataset Last Updated: September 06, 2025
After activation CD4+ helper T cells differentiate into T-helper (Th) 1 or Th2 effector cells. These two subsets are characterized by their distinct cytokine expression pattern and the immune function they mediate. Over the past years, a number of factors have been identified to affect helper T cell lineage determination, including antigen receptor, coreceptors and, most importantly, cytokine environment. In this review, we also summarize recent advancement in understanding of transcriptional and signaling regulation of the differentiation process. This knowledge will become important in the future to develop means in treating immune disorders.

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