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An observation-based global monthly gridded sea surface pCO2 and air-sea CO2 flux product from 1982 onward and its monthly climatology (NCEI Accession 0160558)

Published by NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce | Catalog Last Checked: August 03, 2026 at 02:56 AM | Dataset Last Updated: March 16, 2026 at 12:00 AM
This dataset contains observation-based pCO2 data and a derived monthly climatology. The observation-based pCO2 fields were created using a 2-step neural network method extensively described and validated in Landschützer et al. 2013, 2014, 2016. The method first clusters the global ocean into biogeochemical provinces and in a second step reconstructs the non-liner relationship between CO2 driver variables and observations from the v2024 release of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT, Bakker et al. 2016). This file contains the resulting monthly pCO2 fields at 1°x1° resolution covering the global ocean for the first time including the Arctic Ocean and few marginal seas (see Landschützer et al 2020). The air-sea CO2 fluxes are computed from the air-sea CO2 partial pressure difference and a bulk gas transfer formulation following Landschützer et al. 2013, 2014, 2016. Furthermore, the monthly climatology is created from the monthly average of the period 1985-present.

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  • Descriptive Information

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  • https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005359

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  • https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/SPCO2_1982_present_ETH_SOM_FFN.html

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0160558 AIR-SEA DIFFERENCE - PARTIAL PRESSURE (OR FUGACITY) OF CARBON DIOXIDE AIR-SEA FLUX - PARTIAL PRESSURE (OR FUGACITY) OF CARBON DIOXIDE Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer chemical surface underway

Complete Metadata
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description This dataset contains observation-based pCO2 data and a derived monthly climatology. The observation-based pCO2 fields were created using a 2-step neural network method extensively described and validated in Landschützer et al. 2013, 2014, 2016. The method first clusters the global ocean into biogeochemical provinces and in a second step reconstructs the non-liner relationship between CO2 driver variables and observations from the v2024 release of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT, Bakker et al. 2016). This file contains the resulting monthly pCO2 fields at 1°x1° resolution covering the global ocean for the first time including the Arctic Ocean and few marginal seas (see Landschützer et al 2020). The air-sea CO2 fluxes are computed from the air-sea CO2 partial pressure difference and a bulk gas transfer formulation following Landschützer et al. 2013, 2014, 2016. Furthermore, the monthly climatology is created from the monthly average of the period 1985-present.
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identifier https://data.noaa.gov/waf/NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/accessions/iso/xml/0160558.xml
issued 2017-02-20T00:00:00.000+00:00
keyword 
[
  "0160558",
  "AIR-SEA DIFFERENCE - PARTIAL PRESSURE (OR FUGACITY) OF CARBON DIOXIDE",
  "AIR-SEA FLUX - PARTIAL PRESSURE (OR FUGACITY) OF CARBON DIOXIDE",
  "Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere",
  "partial pressure of carbon dioxide - water",
  "carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer",
  "chemical",
  "surface underway",
  "Flanders Marine Institute",
  "Max Planck Institute for Meteorology - Hamburg",
  "Flanders Marine Institute",
  "World-Wide Distribution",
  "oceanography",
  "BE/VLIZ > Flanders Marine Institute, Belgium",
  "MPI-M > Max Planck Institute for Meteorology",
  "Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) Project",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > CARBON AND HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS > ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE > PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE",
  "EARTH SCIENCE > OCEANS > OCEAN CHEMISTRY > CARBON DIOXIDE",
  "Climatology",
  "Data synthesis product",
  "Surface underway",
  "PCO2_WAT Fields",
  "CO2 ANALYZERS > CO2 ANALYZERS",
  "GEOGRAPHIC REGION > GLOBAL OCEAN",
  "World Ocean"
]
landingPage https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact
language 
[]
license https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
modified 2026-03-16T00:00:00.000+00:00
publisher 
{
  "name": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information",
  "@type": "org:Organization"
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references 
[
  "https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005359",
  "https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gb004853",
  "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/SPCO2_1982_present_ETH_SOM_FFN.html",
  "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system"
]
rights otherRestrictions
spatial 180.0,-89.5,-180.0,89.5
temporal 1988-01-01T00:00:00+00:00/2025-12-31T00:00:00+00:00
theme 
[
  "geospatial"
]
title An observation-based global monthly gridded sea surface pCO2 and air-sea CO2 flux product from 1982 onward and its monthly climatology (NCEI Accession 0160558)

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