This dataset includes georeferenced, high-resolution, airborne thermal infrared (TIR) and high-resolution true-color imagery, a polyline shapefile of the channel centerline, a polyline shapefile with TIR sample points for longitudinal stream temperature profiles, and a tabular file with longitudinal stream temperature profiles for the Donner und Blitzen River and its tributaries, Oregon. The aerial TIR surveys were conducted with a helicopter by NV5 Geospatial and are published as 17 raster mosaics in GeoTiff format with a resolution of 0.3 meters (m). The TIR mosaics contain corrected surface temperatures in degrees Celsius (C) (multiplied by 10 to create an unsigned integer pixel type). The longitudinal stream temperature profiles have temperatures in degrees C. The TIR dataset encompasses 159 kilometers (km) of the Donner und Blitzen River and its tributaries that extends from near Frenchglen, Oregon into the basin headwaters on Steens Mountain. The TIR surveys were collected during the afternoons (13:00-17:00) of August 13, 14, and 15, 2020. The TIR surveys were calibrated using continuous temperature loggers deployed at 29 in-stream locations distributed longitudinally throughout the survey area. The true-color imagery is published as a single raster mosaic of the entire surveyed upper Donner und Blitzen River basin stream network with a resolution of 0.1 m. Channel centerlines were manually digitized within a geographic information system. Stream temperatures for longitudinal profiles were sampled using both automated and manual methods along the channel centerline from the TIR imagery. The stream temperatures were plotted versus channel distances upstream along the Donner und Blitzen River, starting from the bridge over the river near Page Springs Campground to create longitudinal stream temperature profiles, which may be used to interpret groundwater discharge patterns and to identify potential cold-water refuges.