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Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of seed-treatment pesticides following the dosing of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

Published by U.S. Geological Survey | Department of the Interior | Catalog Last Checked: August 01, 2026 at 03:31 AM | Dataset Last Updated: August 12, 2020 at 12:00 AM
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were orally dosed with pesticide-treated or control-untreated wheat seeds. Pesticide treated wheat seeds were analytically verified for active ingredients of imidacloprid, metalaxyl, tebuconazole, and fludioxonil. Pesticide and metabolite residues were measured in plasma, liver, brain, kidney, muscle, and excreta of exposed and control birds. Samples were extracted via solid phase extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, or sonication. Clean-up steps included protein precipitation followed by solid phase extraction. All samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

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