3. Soil-Water-Balance model OUTPUT for scenarios using dynamically downscaled global climate model forcing data: 1995 to 2014, 2040 to 2059, and 2080 to 2099

This item contains 72 zip files of gridded data for water budget components simulated with the USGS Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model (version 2; Westenbroek and others, 2018) for 1995-2014, 2040-2059, and 2080-2099 at 1-kilometer resolution in .tif format. SWB simulations were done with daily forcing data from six global climate models (GCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) that were dynamically downscaled with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The forcing data used in this model are available through Liess and others (2026, https://doi.org/10.1029/2025WR040415). A daily climate model data set was produced for every combination of the six GCMs for two periods (mid-century, 2040-59 and late century, 2080-99) and three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) emissions scenarios (SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585). For each of the six GCMs, a daily dataset was also completed for the historical period of 1995-2014 for a total of 42 climate model data sets that were used with SWB. Gridded SWB model outputs, in inches, include surface runoff, climatic deficit, net infiltration (water that might become groundwater recharge), reference evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, snowfall, and snowmelt. Output files are included for mean annual, mean monthly, mean seasonal, and mean growing season grids. This item also includes gridded outputs from SWB that nearly replicate the inputs from the climate models: gross precipitation (in inches), maximum daily air temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit), and minimum daily air temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit). Each output variable has two TIF files in different coordinate systems. One complete set of outputs is provided that presents the TIFs in World Geodetic System 1984 coordinates (EPSG 4326); the other set of outputs is provided in projected Albers Equal Area coordinates (EPSG 5070). Further details about this application of the SWB model can be found in the related primary publication. REFERENCES: Liess, S., Roop, H. A., Twine, T. E., Clark, S., Coffman, D., Dolma, D., Farris, A., Fernandez, A., Gorman, J., and Meyer, N. (2026). County-scale climate projections over Minnesota and the effects of lakes. Water Resources Research, 62(2), e2025WR040415. doi.org, https://doi.org/10.1029/2025WR040415. Westenbroek, S.M., Engott, J.A., Kelson, V.A., and Hunt, R.J., 2018, SWB version 2.0-A Soil-Water-Balance code for estimating net infiltration and other water-budget components: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 6, chap. A59, 118 p., accessed January 1, 2019, at https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A59.

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