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    • 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map Mean Annual Extreme Low Temperature Rasters

    Metadata Updated: October 2, 2025

    These rasters provide the local mean annual extreme low temperature from 1991 to 2020 in an 800m x 800m grid covering the USA (including Puerto Rico) based on interpolation of data from more than a thousand weather stations. Each location's Plant Hardiness Zone is calculated based on classifying that temperature into 5 degree bands.The classified rasters are then used to create print and interactive maps.Temperature station data for the 2023 edition of the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (PHZM) came from many different sources. In the eastern and central United States, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii, data came primarily from weather stations of the National Weather Service and several state networks. In the western United States and Alaska, data from stations maintained by USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA Forest Service, U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) Bureau of Reclamation, and DOI Bureau of Land Management also helped to better define hardiness zones in mountainous areas. Environment Canada provided data from Canadian stations, and data from Mexican stations came from the Mexico National Weather Service and the Global Historical Climate Network. The USDA PHZM was produced with PRISM, a highly sophisticated climate mapping technology developed at Oregon State University. The map was produced from a digital computer grid, with each cell measuring about a half mile on a side. PRISM estimated the mean annual extreme minimum temperature for each grid cell (or pixel on the map) by examining data from nearby stations; determining how the temperature changed with elevation; and accounting for possible coastal effects, temperature inversions, and the type of topography (ridge top, hill slope, or valley bottom). Information on PRISM can be obtained from the PRISM Climate Group website https://prism.oregonstate.edu. Once a draft of the map was completed, it was reviewed by a team of climatologists, agricultural meteorologists, and horticultural experts. If the zone for an area appeared anomalous to these expert reviewers, experts doublechecked the draft maps for errors or biases. A detailed explanation of the mapmaking process and a discussion of the horticultural applications of the 2012 PHZM (similar to 2023) are available from the articles listed below. Daly, C., M.P. Widrlechner, M.D. Halbleib, J.I. Smith, and W.P. Gibson. 2012. Development of a new USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map for the United States. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 51: 242-264.Widrlechner, M.P., C. Daly, M. Keller, and K. Kaplan. 2012. Horticultural Applications of a Newly Revised USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. HortTechnology, 22: 6-19.

    Access & Use Information

    Public: This dataset is intended for public access and use. License: Creative Commons Attribution

    Downloads & Resources

    Dates

    Metadata Created Date June 29, 2024
    Metadata Updated Date October 2, 2025
    Data Update Frequency irregular

    Metadata Source

    Harvested from USDA JSON

    Other Data Resources

    Additional Metadata

    Resource Type Dataset
    Metadata Created Date June 29, 2024
    Metadata Updated Date October 2, 2025
    Publisher Agricultural Research Service
    Maintainer
    Identifier 10.15482/USDA.ADC/25343293.v1
    Data Last Modified 2024-08-26
    Category geospatial
    Public Access Level public
    Data Update Frequency irregular
    Bureau Code 005:18
    Metadata Context https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.jsonld
    Schema Version https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema
    Catalog Describedby https://project-open-data.cio.gov/v1.1/schema/catalog.json
    Harvest Object Id dcfebe92-2660-43bf-9d53-ece635d3731a
    Harvest Source Id d3fafa34-0cb9-48f1-ab1d-5b5fdc783806
    Harvest Source Title USDA JSON
    License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    Metadata Type geospatial
    Old Spatial {"type": "MultiPolygon", "coordinates": -130.66162347794, 23.2817191756, -130.66162347794, 51.255804989, -65.036594867706, 51.255804989, -65.036594867706, 23.2817191756, -130.66162347794, 23.2817191756, -172.06787109375, 52.22331731689, -172.06787109375, 72.242962523344, -137.69287347794, 72.242962523344, -137.69287347794, 52.22331731689, -172.06787109375, 52.22331731689, -161.13035917282, 13.662584394355, -161.13035917282, 25.063481365232, -149.41161632538, 25.063481365232, -149.41161632538, 13.662584394355, -161.13035917282, 13.662584394355}
    Program Code 005:040
    Source Datajson Identifier True
    Source Hash 0f9ff5069ad764cd8db7d95734dc7a19ce7af599f499c5314d14560006b07c8f
    Source Schema Version 1.1
    Spatial {"type": "MultiPolygon", "coordinates": -130.66162347794, 23.2817191756, -130.66162347794, 51.255804989, -65.036594867706, 51.255804989, -65.036594867706, 23.2817191756, -130.66162347794, 23.2817191756, -172.06787109375, 52.22331731689, -172.06787109375, 72.242962523344, -137.69287347794, 72.242962523344, -137.69287347794, 52.22331731689, -172.06787109375, 52.22331731689, -161.13035917282, 13.662584394355, -161.13035917282, 25.063481365232, -149.41161632538, 25.063481365232, -149.41161632538, 13.662584394355, -161.13035917282, 13.662584394355}
    Temporal 1991-01-01/2020-12-31

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