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                <gco:CharacterString>Research Projects</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4eab7956-e59e-4615-8d5c-39a16faa1f27" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; ALKALINITY</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/d9b4f30d-bddd-4888-b66b-07d2dc09708b" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; INORGANIC CARBON</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4433600b-f323-458a-b295-352f939aab6b" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; PH</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date>
                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
                  </gmd:date>
                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                  </gmd:dateType>
                </gmd:CI_Date>
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              <gmd:edition>
                <gco:CharacterString>24</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:city>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:city>
                          <gmd:administrativeArea>
                            <gco:CharacterString>MD</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:administrativeArea>
                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
                          </gmd:linkage>
                          <gmd:protocol>
                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:protocol>
                          <gmd:name>
                            <gco:CharacterString>GCMD Keyword Forum Page</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:name>
                          <gmd:description>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:description>
                          <gmd:function>
                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                          </gmd:function>
                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      </gmd:onlineResource>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>Profile</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>OCADS Study Type</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>DIC</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>TA</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>pH</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Variable Abbreviations</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/7aecabfb-0047-484f-8396-efc0da16bc20" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CO2 ANALYZERS &gt; CO2 ANALYZERS</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/01cc0beb-7c9a-40ed-ad86-0661b41aee53" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CTD &gt; Conductivity, Temperature, Depth</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/b79c7e06-cd07-442f-bf12-2019cd71c201" xlink:actuate="onRequest">NISKIN BOTTLES</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/5c38595e-5e7d-4513-9f0e-aa9b5f6b139f" xlink:actuate="onRequest">PH METERS &gt; PH METERS</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/aa953a14-4581-47f8-a5b3-c8dd50904ee0" xlink:actuate="onRequest">TEMPERATURE SENSORS &gt; TEMPERATURE SENSORS</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4d3420c1-c7dc-4320-a315-026066debbd6" xlink:actuate="onRequest">THERMOSALINOGRAPHS</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="instrument">instrument</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date>
                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
                  </gmd:date>
                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                  </gmd:dateType>
                </gmd:CI_Date>
              </gmd:date>
              <gmd:edition>
                <gco:CharacterString>24</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:edition>
              <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:organisationName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:city>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:city>
                          <gmd:administrativeArea>
                            <gco:CharacterString>MD</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:administrativeArea>
                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
                          </gmd:linkage>
                          <gmd:protocol>
                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:protocol>
                          <gmd:name>
                            <gco:CharacterString>GCMD Keyword Forum Page</gco:CharacterString>
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                          <gmd:description>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:description>
                          <gmd:function>
                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                          </gmd:function>
                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      </gmd:onlineResource>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
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          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://vocab.ices.dk/services/pox/GetCodeDetail/SHIPC/320L" xlink:actuate="onRequest">SEA WOLF (call sign: KNFG, ICES code: 320L)</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="platform">platform</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/a4202721-0cba-4fa1-853f-890f146b04f9" xlink:actuate="onRequest">OCEAN &gt; ATLANTIC OCEAN &gt; NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date>
                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2026</gco:Date>
                  </gmd:date>
                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="revision">revision</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                </gmd:CI_Date>
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              <gmd:edition>
                <gco:CharacterString>24</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:address>
                        <gmd:CI_Address>
                          <gmd:city>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Greenbelt</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:city>
                          <gmd:administrativeArea>
                            <gco:CharacterString>MD</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:administrativeArea>
                        </gmd:CI_Address>
                      </gmd:address>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords</gmd:URL>
                          </gmd:linkage>
                          <gmd:protocol>
                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:protocol>
                          <gmd:name>
                            <gco:CharacterString>GCMD Keyword Forum Page</gco:CharacterString>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 21. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:description>
                          <gmd:function>
                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                          </gmd:function>
                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      </gmd:onlineResource>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
                  <gmd:role>
                    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
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            <gco:CharacterString>New York Bight</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>North Atlantic Ocean</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="place">place</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Geographic Names</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_Constraints>
          <gmd:useLimitation>
            <gco:CharacterString>accessLevel: public</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:useLimitation>
        </gmd:MD_Constraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints xlink:title="NCEI Data Citation Statement">
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:useConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Cite as: Chen, Baoshan; Nye, Janet A.; Menz, Tyler (2024). Discrete, profile measurements of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), Total Alkalinity and pH on the total scale collected during R/V Sea Wolf cruises in New York Bight, North Atlantic Ocean from 2018-07-14 to 2021-05-26 (NCEI Accession 0294129). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/301r-b464. Accessed [date].</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useLimitation>
            <gco:CharacterString>Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:useLimitation>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:accessConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:accessConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints xlink:title="Provider Use Limitation Statement">
        <gmd:MD_Constraints>
          <gmd:useLimitation>
            <gco:CharacterString>Any user who wants to use this dataset for publication should contact the data owner first to make sure appropriate credit is given.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:useLimitation>
        </gmd:MD_Constraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints xlink:title="Data License Statement">
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="license">license</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:useConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:actuate="onRequest" xlink:title="CC-BY-4.0">This dataset is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0" xlink:actuate="onRequest" xlink:title="CC-BY-4.0">SPDX License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:aggregationInfo>
        <gmd:MD_AggregateInformation>
          <gmd:aggregateDataSetName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (2022). Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:title>
              <gmd:date>
                <gmd:CI_Date>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gco:Date>2022-04</gco:Date>
                  </gmd:date>
                  <gmd:dateType>
                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                </gmd:CI_Date>
              </gmd:date>
              <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:positionName gco:nilReason="unknown" />
                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system</gmd:URL>
                          </gmd:linkage>
                          <gmd:protocol>
                            <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:protocol>
                          <gmd:name>
                            <gco:CharacterString>https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:name>
                          <gmd:description>
                            <gco:CharacterString>OCADS website</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:description>
                          <gmd:function>
                            <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
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                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      </gmd:onlineResource>
                    </gmd:CI_Contact>
                  </gmd:contactInfo>
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Abbreviation: DIC;
Unit: μmol/kg;
Observation type: laboratory analysis;
Measured or calculated: MEASURED;
Sampling instrument: Seabird CTD 911plus and Niskin bottle;
Analyzing instrument: VINDTA 3C (Versatile Instrument for the Determination of dissolved inorganic carbon and Total Alkalinity);
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Discrete DIC samples were collected using Niskin bottles mounted on a rosette equipped with a SeaBird CTD 911plus. We transferred seawater from each Niskin bottle into a single 500 mL borosilicate glass bottle. 2 mL of seawater was removed from each sample bottle to allow for thermal expansion, and then 100 uL of saturated mercuric chloride solution was added to halt biological activity. The bottles were then sealed using greased ground-glass stoppers. Samples were stored at 4 °C in the dark until they were analyzed after the cruise. Briefly, DIC was analyzed using an automated analyzer (VINDTA 3C, Marianda) at 25 degrees Celcius with a precision of ± 1 μmol/kg. The seawater sample was acidified using phosphoric acid, and the evolved CO2 gas was extracted and carried by ultra-high purity N2 gas to a coulometer for quantification. The accuracies of the DIC measurements were determined by routine analysis of certified reference material (CRM) provided by A. G. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Method reference: Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine and J. R. Christian, Eds. (2007). Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements, PIES Special Publication. NOTE: NYOS1807 samples were analyzed by another lab with larger uncertainties. Through the first round QA/QC, the precision of TA and DIC is about 1% and 0.5% of the reported values. Samples post-NYOS1807 were analyzed in the carbonate chemistry lab at Stony Brook University, with a precision of +/- 1 umol/kg for both DIC and TA.;
Replicate information: One duplication every 10 samples;
Standardization description: Routine analysis of certified reference material (CRM) provided by A. G. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography;
Standardization frequency: daily;
CRM manufacturer: A. G. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography;
Preservation method: HgCl2;
Preservative volume: 100 uL of saturated mercuric chloride solution;
Preservative correction: No preservative correction;
Uncertainty: 1 umol/kg;
Quality flag convention: WOCE Data Quality Control Flags (QC) are used:1.Not Analyzed; 2.Good; 3.Questionable; 4.Bad; 5.Not reported; 6. Duplicate; 7.Manual chr.peak; 8.Irreg.chr.peak; 9. Not drawn;
Method reference: Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine and J. R. Christian, Eds. (2007). Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements, PIES Special Publication.;
Researcher name: Chen, Baoshan; Nye, Janet;
Researcher institution: SoMAS at Stony Brook University</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity;
Abbreviation: TA;
Unit: μmol/kg;
Observation type: laboratory analysis;
Measured or calculated: MEASURED;
Sampling instrument: Seabird CTD 911plus and Niskin bottle;
Analyzing instrument: VINDTA 3C (Versatile Instrument for the Determination of dissolved inorganic carbon and Total Alkalinity);
Type of titration: Potentiometric;
Cell type (open or closed): OPEN;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Discrete TA samples were collected using Niskin bottles mounted on a rosette equipped with a SeaBird CTD 911plus. We transferred seawater from each Niskin bottle into a single 500 mL borosilicate glass bottle. 2 mL of seawater was removed from each sample bottle to allow for thermal expansion, and then 100 uL of saturated mercuric chloride solution was added to halt biological activity. The bottles were then sealed using greased ground-glass stoppers. Samples were stored at 4 °C in the dark until they were analyzed after the cruise. Briefly, TA was analyzed using an automated analyzer (VINDTA 3C, Marianda) at 25 degrees Celcius with a precision of ± 1 μmol/kg. TAlk was determined by potentiometric titration, using about 0.1 M hydrochloric acid and an open-cell titration system. The accuracies of the TAlk measurements were determined by routine analysis of certified reference material (CRM) provided by A. G. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Method reference: Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine and J. R. Christian, Eds. (2007). Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements, PIES Special Publication. NOTE: NYOS1807 samples were analyzed by another lab with larger uncertainties. Through the first round QA/QC, the precision of TA and DIC is about 1% and 0.5% of the reported values. Samples post-NYOS1807 were analyzed in the carbonate chemistry lab at Stony Brook University, with a precision of +/- 1 umol/kg for both DIC and TA.;
Replicate information: One duplication every 10 samples;
Standardization description: Routine analysis of certified reference material (CRM) provided by A. G. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography;
Standardization frequency: daily;
CRM manufacturer: A. G. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography;
Preservation method: HgCl2;
Preservative volume: 100 uL of saturated mercuric chloride solution;
Preservative correction: No preservative correction;
Uncertainty: 1 umol/kg;
Quality flag convention: WOCE Data Quality Control Flags (QC) are used:1.Not Analyzed; 2.Good; 3.Questionable; 4.Bad; 5.Not reported; 6. Duplicate; 7.Manual chr.peak; 8.Irreg.chr.peak; 9. Not drawn;
Method reference: Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine and J. R. Christian, Eds. (2007). Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements, PIES Special Publication.;
Researcher name: Chen, Baoshan; Nye, Janet;
Researcher institution: SoMAS at Stony Brook University</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: pH;
Abbreviation: pH;
pH scale: TOTALSCALE(T);
Observation type: laboratory analysis;
Measured or calculated: MEASURED;
Sampling instrument: Seabird CTD 911plus and Niskin bottle;
Analyzing instrument: Agilent 8454 spectrometer setup with a custom-made temperature-controlled cell holder and autosampler;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: Discrete pH samples were collected using Niskin bottles mounted on a rosette equipped with a SeaBird CTD 911plus. We transferred seawater from each Niskin bottle into a single 250 mL borosilicate glass bottle. 1 mL of seawater was removed from each sample bottle to allow for thermal expansion, and then 50 uL of saturated mercuric chloride solution was added to halt biological activity. The bottles were then sealed using greased ground-glass stoppers. Samples were stored at 4 °C in the dark until they were analyzed after the cruise. Briefly, pH was analyzed spectrophotometrically using purified meta-Cresol purple dye. pH accuracy is guaranteed by purified meta-Cresol Purple obtained from Bob Byrne at University of South Florida and calibrated against Tris buffer obtained from A. G. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The precision of pH analysis is ±0.0005 pH units. At present, the likely bias of accuracy for pH is estimated to be less than 0.005 pH units. Method reference: 1. Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine and J. R. Christian, Eds. (2007). Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements, PIES Special Publication. 2. Liu, X. W., et al. (2011). "Purification and Characterization of meta-Cresol Purple for Spectrophotometric Seawater pH Measurements." Environmental Science &amp; Technology, 45(11): 4862-4868. 3. Clayton, T. D., &amp; Byrne, R. H. (1993). Spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements: total hydrogen ion concentration scale calibration of m-cresol purple and at-sea results. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 40(10), 2115-2129.;
Replicate information: One duplication every 10 samples;
Standardization description: purified meta-Cresol purple dye obtained from Bob Byrne at University of South Florida and calibrated against Tris buffer obtained from A. G. Dickson, Scripps Institution of Oceanography;
Standardization frequency: daily;
Temperature of standardization: 25 Degrees C;
Temperature correction method: No temperature correction;
At what temperature was pH reported: 25 Degrees C;
Uncertainty: 0.0005;
Quality flag convention: WOCE Data Quality Control Flags (QC) are used:1.Not Analyzed; 2.Good; 3.Questionable; 4.Bad; 5.Not reported; 6. Duplicate; 7.Manual chr.peak; 8.Irreg.chr.peak; 9. Not drawn;
Method reference: 1. Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine and J. R. Christian, Eds. (2007). Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements, PIES Special Publication. 2. Liu, X. W., et al. (2011). "Purification and Characterization of meta-Cresol Purple for Spectrophotometric Seawater pH Measurements." Environmental Science &amp; Technology, 45(11): 4862-4868. 3. Clayton, T. D., &amp; Byrne, R. H. (1993). Spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements: total hydrogen ion concentration scale calibration of m-cresol purple and at-sea results. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 40(10), 2115-2129.;
Researcher name: Chen, Baoshan; Nye, Janet;
Researcher institution: SoMAS at Stony Brook University</gco:CharacterString>
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer works together with carbon dioxide (CO2) equilibrator (insttypes_id 184) to measure carbon dioxide in the water.

To measure water carbon dioxide, water needs to be continuously supplied to a showerhead inside an equilibrator. As the water flows through the equilibrator chamber, dissolved carbon dioxide exchanges quickly with air in the headspace. This air is then sampled by the carbon dioxide analyzer to determine the mole fraction of CO2 in water.</gco:CharacterString>
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Why special entry for Niskin bottle but no entry for Nansen bottle?</gco:CharacterString>
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Thermosalinograph is an automated Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity measurement system making measurement on board a ship using a water intake.
[https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/tsg/about.php 2021-01-29]</gco:CharacterString>
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