{"@type": "dcat:Dataset", "accessLevel": "restricted public", "bureauCode": ["011:21"], "contactPoint": {"@type": "vcard:Contact", "fn": "Open Data Office of Justice Programs (USDOJ)", "hasEmail": "mailto:opendata@usdoj.gov"}, "dataQuality": false, "description": "This project sought to investigate a possible relationship\r\nbetween sentencing guidelines and family structure in the United\r\nStates. The research team developed three research modules that\r\nemployed a variety of data sources and approaches to understand family\r\ndestabilization and community distress, which cannot be observed\r\ndirectly. These three research modules were used to discover causal\r\nrelationships between male withdrawal from productive spheres of the\r\neconomy and resulting changes in the community and families. The\r\nresearch modules approached the issue of sentencing guidelines and\r\nfamily structure by studying: (1) the flow of inmates into prison\r\n(Module A), (2) the role of and issues related to sentencing reform\r\n(Module B), and family disruption in a single state (Module C). Module\r\nA utilized the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program data for 1984 and\r\n1993 (Parts 1 and 2), the 1984 and 1993 National Correctional\r\nReporting Program (NCRP) data (Parts 3-6), the Urban Institute's 1980\r\nand 1990 Underclass Database (UDB) (Part 7), the 1985 and 1994\r\nNational Longitudinal Survey on Youth (NLSY) (Parts 8 and 9), and\r\ncounty population, social, and economic data from the Current\r\nPopulation Survey, County Business Patterns, and United States Vital\r\nStatistics (Parts 10-12). The focus of this module was the\r\nrelationship between family instability, as measured by female-headed\r\nfamilies, and three societal characteristics, namely underclass\r\nmeasures in county of residence, individual characteristics, and flows\r\nof inmates. Module B examined the effects of statewide incarceration\r\nand sentencing changes on marriage markets and family\r\nstructure. Module B utilized data from the Current Population Survey\r\nfor 1985 and 1994 (Part 12) and the United States Statistical\r\nAbstracts (Part 13), as well as state-level data (Parts 14 and 15) to\r\nmeasure the Darity-Myers sex ratio and expected welfare income. The\r\nrelationship between these two factors and family structure,\r\nsentencing guidelines, and minimum sentences for drug-related crimes\r\nwas then measured. Module C used data collected from inmates entering\r\nthe Minnesota prison system in 1997 and 1998 (Part 16), information\r\nfrom the 1990 Census (Part 17), and the Minnesota Crime Survey\r\n(Part 18) to assess any connections between incarceration and family\r\nstructure. Module C focused on a single state with sentencing\r\nguidelines with the goal of understanding how sentencing reforms and\r\nthe impacts of the local community factors affect inmate family\r\nstructure. The researchers wanted to know if the aspects of locations\r\nthat lose marriageable males to prison were more important than\r\nindividual inmate characteristics with respect to the probability that\r\nsomeone will be imprisoned and leave behind dependent\r\nchildren. Variables in Parts 1 and 2 document arrests by race for\r\narson, assault, auto theft, burglary, drugs, homicide, larceny,\r\nmanslaughter, rape, robbery, sexual assault, and weapons. Variables in\r\nParts 3 and 4 document prison admissions, while variables in Parts 5\r\nand 6 document prison releases. Variables in Part 7 include the number\r\nof households on public assistance, education and income levels of\r\nresidents by race, labor force participation by race, unemployment by\r\nrace, percentage of population of different races, poverty rate by\r\nrace, men in the military by race, and marriage pool by\r\nrace. Variables in Parts 8 and 9 include age, county, education,\r\nemployment status, family income, marital status, race, residence\r\ntype, sex, and state. Part 10 provides county population data. Part 11\r\ncontains two different state identifiers. Variables in Part 12\r\ndescribe mortality data and welfare data. Part 13 contains data from\r\nthe United States Statistical Abstracts, including welfare and poverty\r\nvariables. Variables in Parts 14 and 15 include number of children,\r\nage, education, family type, gender, head of household, marital\r\nstatus, race, religion, and state. Variables in Part 16 cover\r\nadmission date, admission type, age, county, education, language,\r\nlength of sentence, marital status, military status, sentence, sex,\r\nstate, and ZIP code. Part 17 contains demographic data by Minnesota\r\nZIP code, such as age categories, race, divorces, number of children,\r\nhome ownership, and unemployment. Part 18 includes Minnesota crime\r\ndata as well as some demographic variables, such as race, education,\r\nand poverty ratio.", "distribution": [{"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR03662.v1", "title": "Unintended Impacts of Sentencing Reforms and Incarceration on Family Structure in the United States, 1984-1998"}], "identifier": "2864", "issued": "2003-05-09T00:00:00", "keyword": ["communities", "demographic characteristics", "families", "family conflict", "family structure", "imprisonment", "inmates", "sentencing", "sentencing guidelines", "sentencing reform", "single parent families", "social problems"], "language": ["eng"], "license": "http://www.usa.gov/publicdomain/label/1.0/", "modified": "2006-03-30T00:00:00", "programCode": ["011:060"], "publisher": {"@type": "org:Organization", "name": "National Institute of Justice", "subOrganizationOf": {"acronym": "OJP", "id": 22, "name": "Office of Justice Programs", "parentOrganization": {"acronym": "DOJ", "id": 10, "name": "Department of Justice"}, "parentOrganizationID": 10}}, "rights": "These data are restricted due to the increased risk of violation of confidentiality of respondent and subject data.", "title": "Unintended Impacts of Sentencing Reforms and Incarceration on Family Structure in the United States, 1984-1998"}