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King tides are the highest astronomical tides of the year. The scientific term for a King Tide is a perigean spring tide. King Tides in the Hawaiian Islands tend to occur during the summer (e.g., July and August) and winter months (e.g., December and January) in conjunction with new moons and full moons. King Tides, or the highest high tides of the year, are a unique coastal hazard. The timing of these extreme water level events can be anticipated through the use of tidal predictions, yet their impacts (e.g., coastal flooding and inundation in low-lying areas) can have devastating consequences for coastal inhabitants, particularly when combined with severe weather or high wave events. It is a common misconception that King Tides are the result of man-made climate change. When in reality, they are not byproducts of climate change, rather they are windows for us to see what the future of sea level rise from global climate change might look like along our coastlines. With future sea level rise we can expect more frequent high tide flooding and monthly and even daily high tides exceeding coastal inundation thresholds.

When sharing these photographs, please cite this project with the following attribution:

(c) Hawaii Sea Grant King Tides Project, (year of photo). Some rights reserved. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).</gco:CharacterString>
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          </srv:connectPoint>
        </srv:SV_OperationMetadata>
      </srv:containsOperations>
      <srv:operatesOn xlink:href="#DataIdentification" />
    </srv:SV_ServiceIdentification>
  </gmd:identificationInfo>
  <gmd:contentInfo>
    <gmi:MI_CoverageDescription>
      <gmd:attributeDescription gco:nilReason="unknown" />
      <gmd:contentType gco:nilReason="unknown" />
      <gmd:dimension>
        <gmd:MD_Band>
          <gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
            <gco:MemberName>
              <gco:aName>
                <gco:CharacterString>comment</gco:CharacterString>
              </gco:aName>
              <gco:attributeType>
                <gco:TypeName>
                  <gco:aName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>string</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gco:aName>
                </gco:TypeName>
              </gco:attributeType>
            </gco:MemberName>
          </gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
          <gmd:descriptor>
            <gco:CharacterString>Free-text description about the photo submitted by the photographer.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:descriptor>
        </gmd:MD_Band>
      </gmd:dimension>
      <gmd:dimension>
        <gmd:MD_Band>
          <gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
            <gco:MemberName>
              <gco:aName>
                <gco:CharacterString>date</gco:CharacterString>
              </gco:aName>
              <gco:attributeType>
                <gco:TypeName>
                  <gco:aName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>string</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gco:aName>
                </gco:TypeName>
              </gco:attributeType>
            </gco:MemberName>
          </gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
          <gmd:descriptor>
            <gco:CharacterString>Date the photo was taken. Assumed to be in local time zone of photograph's location.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:descriptor>
        </gmd:MD_Band>
      </gmd:dimension>
      <gmd:dimension>
        <gmd:MD_Band>
          <gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
            <gco:MemberName>
              <gco:aName>
                <gco:CharacterString>first_name</gco:CharacterString>
              </gco:aName>
              <gco:attributeType>
                <gco:TypeName>
                  <gco:aName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>string</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gco:aName>
                </gco:TypeName>
              </gco:attributeType>
            </gco:MemberName>
          </gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
          <gmd:descriptor>
            <gco:CharacterString>First name of the photographer, if provided.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:descriptor>
        </gmd:MD_Band>
      </gmd:dimension>
      <gmd:dimension>
        <gmd:MD_Band>
          <gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
            <gco:MemberName>
              <gco:aName>
                <gco:CharacterString>geom</gco:CharacterString>
              </gco:aName>
              <gco:attributeType>
                <gco:TypeName>
                  <gco:aName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>gml:PointPropertyType</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gco:aName>
                </gco:TypeName>
              </gco:attributeType>
            </gco:MemberName>
          </gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
          <gmd:descriptor>
            <gco:CharacterString>The latitude/longitude location of where the photograph was taken.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:descriptor>
        </gmd:MD_Band>
      </gmd:dimension>
      <gmd:dimension>
        <gmd:MD_Band>
          <gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
            <gco:MemberName>
              <gco:aName>
                <gco:CharacterString>impact</gco:CharacterString>
              </gco:aName>
              <gco:attributeType>
                <gco:TypeName>
                  <gco:aName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>string</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gco:aName>
                </gco:TypeName>
              </gco:attributeType>
            </gco:MemberName>
          </gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
          <gmd:descriptor>
            <gco:CharacterString>The type of environmental impact the photograph is documenting. If provided, possible values include but may not be limited to: 'drainage' (storm drainage), 'erosion' (coastal erosion), 'flooding', 'none', 'other', 'runup' (wave run-up), or 'unknown'.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:descriptor>
        </gmd:MD_Band>
      </gmd:dimension>
      <gmd:dimension>
        <gmd:MD_Band>
          <gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
            <gco:MemberName>
              <gco:aName>
                <gco:CharacterString>last_name</gco:CharacterString>
              </gco:aName>
              <gco:attributeType>
                <gco:TypeName>
                  <gco:aName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>string</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gco:aName>
                </gco:TypeName>
              </gco:attributeType>
            </gco:MemberName>
          </gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
          <gmd:descriptor>
            <gco:CharacterString>Last name of the photographer, if provided.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:descriptor>
        </gmd:MD_Band>
      </gmd:dimension>
      <gmd:dimension>
        <gmd:MD_Band>
          <gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
            <gco:MemberName>
              <gco:aName>
                <gco:CharacterString>liquid_id</gco:CharacterString>
              </gco:aName>
              <gco:attributeType>
                <gco:TypeName>
                  <gco:aName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>int</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gco:aName>
                </gco:TypeName>
              </gco:attributeType>
            </gco:MemberName>
          </gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
          <gmd:descriptor>
            <gco:CharacterString>Integer identifier used by a prior data management system deployed by Liquid LLC, which is now defunct. These photo identifiers are recorded for legacy purposes only. Newer photos will not have a 'liquid_id' associated with them. In all cases, always use 'photo_id' as the authoritative identifier.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:descriptor>
        </gmd:MD_Band>
      </gmd:dimension>
      <gmd:dimension>
        <gmd:MD_Band>
          <gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
            <gco:MemberName>
              <gco:aName>
                <gco:CharacterString>location</gco:CharacterString>
              </gco:aName>
              <gco:attributeType>
                <gco:TypeName>
                  <gco:aName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>string</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gco:aName>
                </gco:TypeName>
              </gco:attributeType>
            </gco:MemberName>
          </gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
          <gmd:descriptor>
            <gco:CharacterString>Free-text description about the photo's detailed location submitted by the photographer, if any. See also 'region' for a controlled list of region descriptors.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:descriptor>
        </gmd:MD_Band>
      </gmd:dimension>
      <gmd:dimension>
        <gmd:MD_Band>
          <gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
            <gco:MemberName>
              <gco:aName>
                <gco:CharacterString>md5</gco:CharacterString>
              </gco:aName>
              <gco:attributeType>
                <gco:TypeName>
                  <gco:aName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>string</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gco:aName>
                </gco:TypeName>
              </gco:attributeType>
            </gco:MemberName>
          </gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
          <gmd:descriptor>
            <gco:CharacterString>MD5 message digest hash for the photo downloadable at 'photo_url'. This 32-character hexadecimal string can be used to checksum the JPEG file after download for validation.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:descriptor>
        </gmd:MD_Band>
      </gmd:dimension>
      <gmd:dimension>
        <gmd:MD_Band>
          <gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
            <gco:MemberName>
              <gco:aName>
                <gco:CharacterString>photo_id</gco:CharacterString>
              </gco:aName>
              <gco:attributeType>
                <gco:TypeName>
                  <gco:aName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>int</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gco:aName>
                </gco:TypeName>
              </gco:attributeType>
            </gco:MemberName>
          </gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
          <gmd:descriptor>
            <gco:CharacterString>An integer assigned to this photo so it can be uniquely identified in the King Tides database.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:descriptor>
        </gmd:MD_Band>
      </gmd:dimension>
      <gmd:dimension>
        <gmd:MD_Band>
          <gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
            <gco:MemberName>
              <gco:aName>
                <gco:CharacterString>photo_url</gco:CharacterString>
              </gco:aName>
              <gco:attributeType>
                <gco:TypeName>
                  <gco:aName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>string</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gco:aName>
                </gco:TypeName>
              </gco:attributeType>
            </gco:MemberName>
          </gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
          <gmd:descriptor>
            <gco:CharacterString>The URL of the photo where you can view and/or download the full-resolution JPEG file.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:descriptor>
        </gmd:MD_Band>
      </gmd:dimension>
      <gmd:dimension>
        <gmd:MD_Band>
          <gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
            <gco:MemberName>
              <gco:aName>
                <gco:CharacterString>region</gco:CharacterString>
              </gco:aName>
              <gco:attributeType>
                <gco:TypeName>
                  <gco:aName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>string</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gco:aName>
                </gco:TypeName>
              </gco:attributeType>
            </gco:MemberName>
          </gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
          <gmd:descriptor>
            <gco:CharacterString>The region where this photo was taken. Possible values include but may not be limited to: 'American Samoa', 'Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands', 'Federated States of Micronesia', 'Guam', 'Hawaii' (Hawaii Island), 'Kauai', 'Lanai', 'Maui', 'Molokai', 'Oahu', 'Northwestern Hawaiian Islands', 'Palau', 'Republic of the Mariana Islands', or 'Other'.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:descriptor>
        </gmd:MD_Band>
      </gmd:dimension>
      <gmd:dimension>
        <gmd:MD_Band>
          <gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
            <gco:MemberName>
              <gco:aName>
                <gco:CharacterString>size_bytes</gco:CharacterString>
              </gco:aName>
              <gco:attributeType>
                <gco:TypeName>
                  <gco:aName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>int</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gco:aName>
                </gco:TypeName>
              </gco:attributeType>
            </gco:MemberName>
          </gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
          <gmd:descriptor>
            <gco:CharacterString>The expected total size in bytes for the photo downloadable at 'photo_url'.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:descriptor>
          <gmd:units xlink:href="http://unitsofmeasure.org/ucum.html#bytes" />
        </gmd:MD_Band>
      </gmd:dimension>
      <gmd:dimension>
        <gmd:MD_Band>
          <gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
            <gco:MemberName>
              <gco:aName>
                <gco:CharacterString>submit_lat</gco:CharacterString>
              </gco:aName>
              <gco:attributeType>
                <gco:TypeName>
                  <gco:aName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>decimal</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gco:aName>
                </gco:TypeName>
              </gco:attributeType>
            </gco:MemberName>
          </gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
          <gmd:descriptor>
            <gco:CharacterString>The original latitude submitted by the user associated with the photo's location. In cases of obvious errors, this may differ from the photo's 'geom' latitude and is recorded for legacy purposes only. Always use 'geom' as the authoritative photo location.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:descriptor>
          <gmd:units xlink:href="http://unitsofmeasure.org/ucum.html#degrees_north" />
        </gmd:MD_Band>
      </gmd:dimension>
      <gmd:dimension>
        <gmd:MD_Band>
          <gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
            <gco:MemberName>
              <gco:aName>
                <gco:CharacterString>submit_lon</gco:CharacterString>
              </gco:aName>
              <gco:attributeType>
                <gco:TypeName>
                  <gco:aName>
                    <gco:CharacterString>decimal</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gco:aName>
                </gco:TypeName>
              </gco:attributeType>
            </gco:MemberName>
          </gmd:sequenceIdentifier>
          <gmd:descriptor>
            <gco:CharacterString>The original longitude submitted by the user associated with the photo's location. In cases of obvious errors, this may differ from the photo's 'geom' longitude and is recorded for legacy purposes only. Always use 'geom' as the authoritative photo location.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:descriptor>
          <gmd:units xlink:href="http://unitsofmeasure.org/ucum.html#degrees_east" />
        </gmd:MD_Band>
      </gmd:dimension>
    </gmi:MI_CoverageDescription>
  </gmd:contentInfo>
  <gmd:distributionInfo>
    <gmd:MD_Distribution>
      <gmd:distributor>
        <gmd:MD_Distributor>
          <gmd:distributorContact>
            <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              <gmd:individualName gco:nilReason="missing" />
              <gmd:organisationName>
                <gco:CharacterString>Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:organisationName>
              <gmd:contactInfo>
                <gmd:CI_Contact>
                  <gmd:address>
                    <gmd:CI_Address>
                      <gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                        <gco:CharacterString>info@pacioos.org</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                    </gmd:CI_Address>
                  </gmd:address>
                  <gmd:onlineResource>
                    <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                      <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>http://pacioos.org</gmd:URL>
                      </gmd:linkage>
                      <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>http</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:protocol>
                      <gmd:applicationProfile>
                        <gco:CharacterString>web browser</gco:CharacterString>
                      </gmd:applicationProfile>
                      <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                      </gmd:function>
                    </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  </gmd:onlineResource>
                </gmd:CI_Contact>
              </gmd:contactInfo>
              <gmd:role>
                <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="publisher">publisher</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
              </gmd:role>
            </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          </gmd:distributorContact>
          <gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  <gmd:linkage>
                    <gmd:URL>https://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/</gmd:URL>
                  </gmd:linkage>
                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>http</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:protocol>
                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>GeoServer</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:name>
                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>This URL provides access to this dataset via GeoServer, which offers multiple output formats and an OpenLayers viewer.</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                  </gmd:function>
                </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          </gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
          <gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  <gmd:linkage>
                    <gmd:URL>http://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/king-tides/map.html</gmd:URL>
                  </gmd:linkage>
                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>http</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:protocol>
                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>King Tides Map Viewer</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:name>
                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>This URL provides a viewer and/or data access for this dataset.</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                  </gmd:function>
                </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          </gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
          <gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
              <gmd:onLine>
                <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                  <gmd:linkage>
                    <gmd:URL>https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/king-tides/submit.html</gmd:URL>
                  </gmd:linkage>
                  <gmd:protocol>
                    <gco:CharacterString>http</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:protocol>
                  <gmd:name>
                    <gco:CharacterString>King Tides Photo Entry Form</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:name>
                  <gmd:description>
                    <gco:CharacterString>This URL provides a viewer and/or data access for this dataset.</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:description>
                  <gmd:function>
                    <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download">download</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>
                  </gmd:function>
                </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          </gmd:distributorTransferOptions>
        </gmd:MD_Distributor>
      </gmd:distributor>
    </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
  <gmd:dataQualityInfo>
    <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
      <gmd:scope>
        <gmd:DQ_Scope>
          <gmd:level>
            <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/metadata/published/xsd/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode" codeListValue="dataset">dataset</gmd:MD_ScopeCode>
          </gmd:level>
        </gmd:DQ_Scope>
      </gmd:scope>
      <gmd:lineage>
        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:statement>
            <gco:CharacterString>2018-12-14T00:00:00Z OGC web services (WMS and WFS) enabled by PacIOOS via GeoServer. Original data from source provider may have been reformatted, reprojected, or adjusted in other ways to optimize these capabilities.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:statement>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:metadataMaintenance>
    <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
      <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency gco:nilReason="unknown" />
      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>This record was translated and enhanced from GeoServer OGC Web Services (OWS) using PacIOOS software.</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:maintenanceNote>
    </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
  </gmd:metadataMaintenance>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>