{"accessLevel": "public", "bureauCode": ["010:12"], "contactPoint": {"@type": "vcard:Contact", "fn": "Zafer Defne", "hasEmail": "mailto:zdefne@usgs.gov"}, "description": "Monitoring shoreline change is of interest in many coastal areas because it enables quantification of land loss over time. Evolution of shoreline position is determined by the balance between erosion and accretion along the coast. In the case of salt marshes, erosion along the water boundary causes a loss of ecosystem services, such as habitat provision, carbon storage, and wave attenuation. In terms of vulnerability, higher shoreline erosion rates indicate higher vulnerability.\n            \nThis dataset displays shoreline change rates at the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge (EBFNWR), which spans over Great Bay, Little Egg Harbor, and Barnegat Bay in New Jersey, USA. Shoreline change rates are based on Smith and Terrano (2017) analysis of digital vector shorelines acquired from historic topographic sheets, aerial photography, and/or lidar using the AMBUR package (Jackson, 2010). Linear Regression Rates (LRR) of shoreline change were averaged along the shoreline of each salt marsh unit to generate this dataset. Positive and negative values indicate accretion and erosion respectively.\nAs part of the Hurricane Sandy Science Plan, the U.S. Geological Survey is expanding National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards and forecast products to coastal wetlands. The intent is to provide federal, state, and local managers with tools to estimate their vulnerability and ecosystem service potential. For this purpose, the response and resilience of coastal wetlands to physical factors need to be assessed in terms of the ensuing change to their vulnerability and ecosystem services. EBFNWR was selected as a pilot study area.", "distribution": [{"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "accessURL": "https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PN94K2", "description": "Landing page for access to the data", "format": "XML", "mediaType": "application/http", "title": "Digital Data"}, {"@type": "dcat:Distribution", "description": "The metadata original format", "downloadURL": "https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/metadata/USGS.59a427efe4b077f005673271.xml", "format": "XML", "mediaType": "text/xml", "title": "Original Metadata"}], "identifier": "http://datainventory.doi.gov/id/dataset/USGS_59a427efe4b077f005673271", "keyword": ["Atlantic Ocean", "Barnegat Bay", "Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge", "Great Bay", "Little Egg Island", "New Jersey", "USGS:59a427efe4b077f005673271", "United States", "accretion", "coastal ecosystems", "coastal processes", "coastline", "ecological processes", "environment", "environmental assessment", "estuary", "inlandWaters", "marsh health", "oceans", "polygon shapefile", "resilience", "salt marsh", "sediment", "shoreline", "vegetation", "vulnerability", "wetland ecosystems", "wetland functions"], "modified": "2026-04-21T00:00:00Z", "publisher": {"@type": "org:Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"}, "spatial": "-74.484623118, 39.435117592, -74.051158122, 40.053798801", "theme": ["geospatial"], "title": "Shoreline change rates in salt marsh units in Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey"}