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                <gco:CharacterString>Ocean Acidification Search Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/6eb3919b-85ce-4988-8b78-9d0018fd8089" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/26afa886-4866-4536-be3a-6f9db9aacd97" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; CARBON DIOXIDE</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/d9b4f30d-bddd-4888-b66b-07d2dc09708b" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; INORGANIC CARBON</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4fde380a-38c5-4d46-bc80-4f2515a43983" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; NITRATE</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/941410da-0b7f-4ec6-a718-212194ced13f" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; NITRITE</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/db5357c9-cc9d-4693-86fe-6bb88555d434" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; NITROGEN</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/d3055f47-258e-4556-a885-54cd1fff4680" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; ORGANIC CARBON</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/90aa8838-79bd-4b28-b518-8217e863c385" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; OXYGEN</gmx:Anchor>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/4433600b-f323-458a-b295-352f939aab6b" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; PH</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/0b513d8c-bfd3-44ee-976e-42757b8375a2" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; PHOSPHATE</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/c91c8879-1b29-48e3-b4cd-a238af66cdaf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN CHEMISTRY &gt; SILICATE</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/457883c4-b30c-4d26-bed8-6c2887ebbc90" xlink:actuate="onRequest">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; OCEANS &gt; OCEAN OPTICS</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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            <gco:CharacterString>DELC14</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>NITRIT</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>OXYGEN</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>PHSPHT</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>PH_TMP</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>PH_TOT</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>SALNTY</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>SF6</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>SILCAT</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>TCARBN</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="theme">theme</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
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          <gmd:thesaurusName>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
              <gmd:title>
                <gco:CharacterString>Provider Variable Abbreviations</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmd:MD_Keywords>
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      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/01cc0beb-7c9a-40ed-ad86-0661b41aee53" xlink:actuate="onRequest">CTD &gt; Conductivity, Temperature, Depth</gmx:Anchor>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon;
Abbreviation: TCARBN;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Observation type: discrete;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation;
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Replicate information: 265 replicate sample analysis made. Average difference from the mean was 0.44. No systematic differences between the replicates were observed. DICE 1: 0.438 DICE 2: 0.450;
Standardization description: The stability of each coulometer cell solution was confirmed three different ways. 1) Gas loops were run at the beginning and end of each cell; 2) CRM’s supplied by Dr. A. Dickson of SIO, were measured near the beginning; and 3) Duplicate samples were typically run throughout the life of the cell solution. Each coulometer was calibrated by injecting aliquots of pure CO2 (99.999%) by means of an 8-port valve (Wilke et al., 1993) outfitted with two calibrated sample loops of different sizes (~1ml and ~2ml). The instruments were each separately calibrated at the beginning of each cell with a minimum of two sets of these gas loop injections and then again at the end of each cell to ensure no drift during the life of the cell. Even though we experienced a large temperature fluctuation in the aft dry lab (14°C to 31°C) these standard loops were well insulated and consistent throughout the cruise.;
CRM batch number: 135: Certified Value = 2036.96 µmol/kg</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: Total alkalinity;
Abbreviation: ALKALI;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Observation type: discrete;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation;
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Type of titration: Samples were analyzed using an open cell titration procedure using two 250 mL jacketed cells;
Cell type (open or closed): open cell;
Curve fitting method: Samples were dispensed using a Sample Dispensing System (SDS) consisting of a volumetric pipette and various relay valves and air pumps controlled using LabVIEW 2012. Before filling the jacketed cell with a new sample for measurement, the volumetric pipette was cleared of any residual from the previous sample with the aforementioned air pumps. The pipette is then rinsed with new sample and filled, allowing for overflow and time for the sample temperature to equilibrate. The temperature inside the drawing bottle was measured using a DirecTemp thermistor probe and the pipette temperature was measured using a DirecTemp surface probe placed on the pipette. These temperature measurements were used to convert the sample volume to mass for analysis.;
Uncertainty: The certified alkalinity value for Batch 135 is 2226.33 ± 0.63 μmol kg-1. This reference material was analyzed 208 times throughout P16S. The preliminary B135 measured value average for P16S is 2225.84 ± 0.76. After the aforementioned volume correction, the final B135 average is 2226.10 ± 0.76. Twice per station, a single Niskin was sampled twice to conduct duplicate analyses. A total of 178 Niskins were sampled for Duplicate analyses and gave a pooled standard deviation of 0.67 μmol kg-1.;
Method reference: Dickson, Andrew G., Chris Sabine and James R. Christian, editors, "Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements", Pices Special Publication 3, IOCCP Report No. 8, October 2007, SOP 3b, "Determination of total alkalinity in sea water using an open-cell titration"</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: pH;
Abbreviation: PH_TOT;
pH scale: Total Scale;
Observation type: discrete;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation;
Measured or calculated: Measured;
Temperature of pH measurement: 20 °C;
Detailed sampling and analyzing information: pH was measured spectrophotometrically on the total hydrogen scale using an Agilent 8453 spectrophotometer and in accordance with the methods outlined by Carter et al., 2013. A Kloehn V6 syringe pump was used to autonomously fill, mix, and dispense sample through the custom 10cm flow-through jacketed cell.;
Uncertainty: The precision of the data was accessed from measurements of duplicate analyses, replicate analyses (two successive measurements on one bottle), certified reference materials (CRMs) from Batch 135 (provided by Dr. Andrew Dickson, UCSD), and TRIS buffer Batch 20 (provided by Dr. Andrew Dickson, UCSD). CRMs were measured twice a day and bottles of TRIS buffer were measured once a day over the course of the cruise. In total 2,748 Niskin bottles were sampled and submitted for pH on this cruise. The overall precision determined from duplicate analyses was found to be ±0.0003 for 193 sets. The overall precision determined from replicate analyses was found to be ±0.0003 for 201 sets. Additionally, 211 measurements were made on 59 bottles of Certified Reference Materials and found to have a pH of 7.9293±0.0013 and an average per bottle standard deviation of ±0.0003.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: PH Temperature;
Abbreviation: PH_TMP;
Unit: DEG_C;
Controlled vocabulary name: PH_TMP;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: CTDTMP;
Abbreviation: CTDTMP;
Unit: DEG_C;
Controlled vocabulary name: WATER TEMPERATURE;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: CTDSAL;
Abbreviation: CTDSAL;
Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
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            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: SALNTY;
Abbreviation: SALNTY;
Controlled vocabulary name: SALINITY;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: CTDOXY;
Abbreviation: CTDOXY;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED OXYGEN;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: OXYGEN;
Abbreviation: OXYGEN;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Controlled vocabulary name: DISSOLVED OXYGEN;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: SILCAT;
Abbreviation: SILCAT;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Controlled vocabulary name: silicate;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: NITRAT;
Abbreviation: NITRAT;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Controlled vocabulary name: NITRATE;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: NITRIT;
Abbreviation: NITRIT;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Controlled vocabulary name: NITRITE;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: PHSPHT;
Abbreviation: PHSPHT;
Unit: UMOL/KG;
Controlled vocabulary name: phosphate;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: CFC-11;
Abbreviation: CFC-11;
Unit: PMOL/KG;
Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11);
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: CFC-12;
Abbreviation: CFC-12;
Unit: PMOL/KG;
Controlled vocabulary name: CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12 (CFC-12);
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: SF6;
Abbreviation: SF6;
Unit: FMOL/KG;
Controlled vocabulary name: Sulfur Hexaflouride (SF6);
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: N2O;
Abbreviation: N2O;
Unit: NMOL/KG;
Controlled vocabulary name: nitrous oxide (N2O);
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: DELC14;
Abbreviation: DELC14;
Unit: /MILLE;
Controlled vocabulary name: DELTA CARBON-14;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: C14ERR;
Abbreviation: C14ERR;
Unit: /MILLE;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Parameter or Variable: DELC13;
Abbreviation: DELC13;
Unit: /MILLR;
Controlled vocabulary name: DELTA CARBON-13;
In-situ / Manipulation / Response variable: in-situ observation</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmi:LE_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
  <gmd:metadataMaintenance>
    <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
      <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="asNeeded">asNeeded</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
      </gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
      <gmd:maintenanceNote>
        <gco:CharacterString>Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:maintenanceNote>
      <gmd:contact>
        <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
          <gmd:organisationName>
            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:organisationName>
          <gmd:role>
            <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="custodian">custodian</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
          </gmd:role>
        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
      </gmd:contact>
    </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
  </gmd:metadataMaintenance>
  <gmi:acquisitionInformation>
    <gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation id="AMS">
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_beec">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>bottle</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>bottle</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>any type of water bottle sampling device

Generic name for water collection device; usually used to determine temperature, salinity and provide water aliquots for measurement of a wide range of parameters; often referred to by a specific type of water sampling bottle, such as a Nansen or Niskin bottle.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bee7">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>CTD</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>CTD</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Conductivity-Temperature-Depth probe</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument id="inst_bea5">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>transmissometer</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>transmissometer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>transmissometer

Instrument used to measure transmissivity in NODC File Alias F022.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:platform>
        <gmi:MI_Platform id="plat_b0c8">
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gco:CharacterString>RV Nathaniel B. Palmer</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>Updated information from ICES for the vessel NATHANIEL B. PALMER from UNITED STATES.
Use 3206 for all data attributed to the vessel NATHANIEL B. PALMER from UNITED STATES.
This platform has a current Call Sign = WPB3210 and two previous call signs, related to owner/company name changes since 1992. Previous call signs for NATHANIEL B. PALMER are:
KUS1475 (1992 - ca. 1996)
WCE9345 (ca. 1996 - mid-2006)
WBP3210 (mid-2006 to present)

Name : NATHANIEL B. PALMER
Flag : UNITED STATES - US (ISO Country Code)
Call Sign : WBP3210
Title : RV
Platform Class : 31 Research vessel
IMO : 9007257
Commissioned Date : 1992
Current Length : 86
Built : 1992-03
Notes : Data also found under previous call sign KUS1475
Lloyds URL : http://www.seasearcher.com/lmiu/vessels/overview.htm?vesselID=241527

Confirmed by NOAA on 2013-11-19.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
          <gmi:instrument gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmi:MI_Platform>
      </gmi:platform>
    </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>