noaa-cave-20450 eng; USA utf8 dataset NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact 2025-08-29 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - China 640,000 Year Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data 2016-08-30 publication doi:10.25921/xv05-8s73 noaa-cave-20450 NCEI DSI 1200_02 NCEI DSI 1200_01 Cheng, H. originator Cheng, H. author Edwards, R.L. originator Edwards, R.L. author Sinha, A. originator Sinha, A. author Spötl, C. originator Spötl, C. author Yi, L. originator Yi, L. author Chen, S. originator Chen, S. author Kelly, M.J. originator Kelly, M.J. author Kathayat, G. originator Kathayat, G. author Wang, X. originator Wang, X. author Li, X.L. originator Li, X.L. author Kong, X. originator Kong, X. author Wang, Y. originator Wang, Y. author Ning, Y.F. originator Ning, Y.F. author Zhang, H. originator Zhang, H. author NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information publisher tableDigital This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Cave. The data include parameters of speleothems with a geographic location of China, Eastern Asia. The time period coverage is from 641300 to -17 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data. Records of past temperature, precipitation, and other aspects of climate derived from mineral deposits found in caves. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this dataset. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the dataset citations. completed NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information pointOfContact NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology Data Center Contact 828-271-4800 303-497-6513 325 Broadway, E/NE31 Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA paleo@noaa.gov pointOfContact https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-cave.png Paleoclimatology - Speleothem PNG Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Land Records > Cave Deposits Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Speleothems Earth Science > Paleoclimate > Land Records > Cave Deposits theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems earth science > paleoclimate > speleothems > oxygen isotopes theme Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian Monsoon theme What: delta 18O; Material: calcium carbonate What: delta 18O; Material: calcium carbonate What: depth; Material: null What: delta 18O; Material: calcium carbonate What: age; Material: null theme Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus PaST Thesaurus information publisher Continent > Asia > Eastern Asia > China > Dongge, Hulu, and Sanbao Caves > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE Continent > Asia > Eastern Asia > China > Dongge Cave > LATITUDE 25.28 > LONGITUDE 108.08 Continent > Asia > Eastern Asia > China > Sanbao Cave > LATITUDE 31.667 > LONGITUDE 110.433 place DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce dataCentre Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords 2025 revision 22 Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords GCMD Keyword Forum Page Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords information custodian otherRestrictions Cite as: Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.; Sinha, A.; Spötl, C.; Yi, L.; Chen, S.; Kelly, M.J.; Kathayat, G.; Wang, X.; Li, X.L.; Kong, X.; Wang, Y.; Ning, Y.F.; Zhang, H. (2016-08-30): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - China 640,000 Year Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/xv05-8s73. Accessed [date]. otherRestrictions Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives. otherRestrictions Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose otherRestrictions None otherRestrictions Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. The Asian monsoon over the past 640,000 years and ice age terminations 2016 publication Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Ashish Sinha, Christoph Spötl, Liang Yi, Shitao Chen, Megan Kelly, Gayatri Kathayat, Xianfeng Wang, Xianglei Li, Xinggong Kong, Yongjin Wang, Youfeng Ning, Haiwei Zhang author Nature publisher https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18591 HTTPS Web Browser Associated Reference published 2016 Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Ashish Sinha, Christoph Spötl, Liang Yi, Shitao Chen, Megan Kelly, Gayatri Kathayat, Xianfeng Wang, Xianglei Li, Xinggong Kong, Yongjin Wang, Youfeng Ning, Haiwei Zhang, 2016: The Asian monsoon over the past 640,000 years and ice age terminations. Nature, 534, 640-646, 10.1038/nature18591 information crossReference sciencePaper eng; USA geoscientificInformation Date Range: 641300 cal yr BP to -17 cal yr BP; 108.08 119.17 25.28 32.5 -639350 1967 STUDY NOTES: New and previously published stalagmite oxygen isotope (d18O) data from 4 Chinese caves, covering the past 640,000 years. Using new oxygen isotope records of five stalagmites (D8, SB-12, SB-14, SB-32, and SB-58) from Dongge and Sanbao Caves, we extend the Chinese speleothem oxygen isotope record to cover the last 640,000 yrs. The composite 640 kyr record is based on previously published data (< 384 kyr BP) and new data from four Sanbao stalagmite records (>= 384 kyr BP) from this study (SB-12, SB-14, SB-32 and SB-58). The new d18O record from Dongge Cave (D8) replaces the previously published records between 217.2 and 225.3 kyr BP, as the age control of stalagmite D8 is superior for this time period. In order to remove the orbital insolation component from the composite d18O record, we used z-standard method to get the detrended d18O data (Delta d18O). We first converted the composite d18O data to z-standard by using the mean and standard deviation of each data set (that is, zero-mean normalization). An average data resolution of 200 years was used to allow point-to-point alignment. The detrended d18O data (Delta d18O) was obtained by subtracting 21 July insolation at 65N from the d18O record after standardization and equal spacing to the 200-year interval. Insolation is normalized to be equal in magnitude to d18O and assigned an opposite algebraic sign: Delta d18O = d18O - (- NHSInorm) = d18O + NHSInorm. Provided Keywords: Speleothem, Asian monsoon, oxygen isotope, Northern Hemisphere Insolation, Ice age terminations. The data sources and references for the composite are: <384 ka BP (From previously published data): Wang, Y. J. et al. A high- Resolution Absolute-Dated Late Pleistocene Monsoon Record from Hulu Cave, China. Science 294, 2345-2348 (2001). Yuan, D. X. et al. Timing, duration, and transition of the Last Interglacial Asian Monsoon. Science 304, 575-578 (2004). Dykoski, C. A. et al. A high resolution, absolute-dated Holocene and deglacial Asian monsoon record from Dongge Cave, China. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 233, 71-86 (2005). Kelly, M. J. et al. High resolution characterization of the Asian Monsoon between 146,000 and 99,000 years B.P. from Dongge Cave, China. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology 236, 20-38 (2006). Wang, Y. J. et al. Millennial- and orbital- scale changes in the East Asian Monsoon over the past 224,000 years. Nature 451, 1090-1093 (2008). Cheng, H. et al. Ice Age Terminations. Science 326, 248-252 (2009). 384 ka to 641.3 ka BP (From this study): SB-14 Record: from 384.0 to 425.0 ka BP and from 462.2 to 503.8 ka BP SB-12 Record: from 425.0 to 444.0 ka BP SB-58 record: from 444.0 to 462.2 ka BP SB-32 record: from 504.2 to 641.3 ka BP Note 1: D8 record: replaces previous record between 217.2 and 225.3ka BP; Note 2: The original Dongge and Hulu d18O values are reduced by 1.6 per mil in the composite record to match Sanbao record. See Wang, Y. J. et al. Millennial- and orbital- scale changes in the East Asian Monsoon over the past 224,000 years. Nature 451, 1090-1093 (2008). ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: Oxygen isotope records from Chinese caves characterize changes in both the Asian monsoon and global climate. Here, using our new speleothem data, we extend the Chinese record to cover the full uranium/thorium dating range, that is, the past 640,000 years. The record's length and temporal precision allow us to test the idea that insolation changes caused by the Earth's precession drove the terminations of each of the last seven ice ages as well as the millennia-long intervals of reduced monsoon rainfall associated with each of the terminations. On the basis of our record's timing, the terminations are separated by four or five precession cycles, supporting the idea that the '100,000-year' ice age cycle is an average of discrete numbers of precession cycles. Furthermore, the suborbital component of monsoon rainfall variability exhibits power in both the precession and obliquity bands, and is nearly in anti-phase with summer boreal insolation. These observations indicate that insolation, in part, sets the pace of the occurrence of millennial-scale events, including those associated with terminations and 'unfinished terminations'. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information ncei.info@noaa.gov https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact NCEI Contact Information Information for contacts at NCEI. information distributor In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media. Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. Native Format(s) https://doi.org/10.25921/xv05-8s73 HTTPS Landing Page Metadata Landing Page NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/20450 HTTPS Web Browser NOAA Study Page Study page with data access information. search https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/speleothem HTTPS Information NCEI Cave Page General information for this data type. information https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/cheng2016detrend-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/asia/china/cheng2016detrend-noaa.txt Speleothem download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/cheng2016d18o-sb58-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/asia/china/cheng2016d18o-sb58-noaa.txt Speleothem download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/cheng2016d18o-sb32-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/asia/china/cheng2016d18o-sb32-noaa.txt Speleothem download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/cheng2016d18o-sb14-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/asia/china/cheng2016d18o-sb14-noaa.txt Speleothem download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/cheng2016d18o-sb12-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/asia/china/cheng2016d18o-sb12-noaa.txt Speleothem download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/cheng2016d18o-d8-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/asia/china/cheng2016d18o-d8-noaa.txt Speleothem download https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/china/cheng2016composite-noaa.txt HTTPS Download /speleothem/asia/china/cheng2016composite-noaa.txt Speleothem download asNeeded This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21