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                </gmd:CI_Date>
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              <gmd:edition>
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              <gmd:citedResponsibleParty xlink:title="GCMD Landing Page">
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                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                          </gmd:linkage>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>GCMD Keyword Forum Page</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:name>
                          <gmd:description>
                            <gco:CharacterString>Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:description>
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                  </gmd:role>
                </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:thesaurusName>
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
        <gmd:MD_Keywords>
          <gmd:keyword>
            <gco:CharacterString>C-CAP</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:keyword>
          <gmd:type>
            <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_KeywordTypeCode" codeListValue="project">project</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
          </gmd:type>
          <gmd:thesaurusName>
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              <gmd:date gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
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      </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useConstraints>
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          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Cite As: Office for Coastal Management, [Date of Access]: C-CAP Land Cover, Rhode Island, 2016 [Data Date Range], https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/58101.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_Constraints>
          <gmd:useLimitation>
            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA provides no warranty, nor accepts any liability occurring from any incomplete, incorrect, or misleading data, or from any incorrect, incomplete, or misleading use of the data. It is the responsibility of the user to determine whether or not the data is suitable for the intended purpose.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:useLimitation>
        </gmd:MD_Constraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:accessConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:accessConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Access Constraints: None</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
          <gmd:useConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#gmd:MD_RestrictionCode" codeListValue="otherRestrictions">otherRestrictions</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
          </gmd:useConstraints>
          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Use Constraints: Data set is not for use in litigation. While efforts have been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the state of the art, NOAA, cannot assume liability for any damages, or misrepresentations, caused by any inaccuracies in the data, or as a result of the data to be used on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:otherConstraints>
        </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
      </gmd:resourceConstraints>
      <gmd:resourceConstraints>
        <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
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          <gmd:otherConstraints>
            <gco:CharacterString>Distribution Liability: Users must assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmd:MD_SecurityConstraints>
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                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmd:MD_Identifier>
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                    <gco:CharacterString>58101</gco:CharacterString>
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              </gmd:identifier>
              <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:organisationName gco:nilReason="inapplicable" />
                  <gmd:contactInfo>
                    <gmd:CI_Contact>
                      <gmd:onlineResource>
                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                          <gmd:linkage>
                            <gmd:URL>https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inportserve/waf/noaa/nos/ocm/dmp/pdf/58101.pdf</gmd:URL>
                          </gmd:linkage>
                          <gmd:protocol>
                            <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:protocol>
                          <gmd:name>
                            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Data Management Plan (DMP)</gco:CharacterString>
                          </gmd:name>
                          <gmd:description>
                            <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Data Management Plan for this record on InPort.</gco:CharacterString>
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              </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
          </gmd:aggregateDataSetName>
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            <gmd:DS_AssociationTypeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#DS_AssociationTypeCode" codeListValue="crossReference">crossReference</gmd:DS_AssociationTypeCode>
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      <gmd:language>
        <gco:CharacterString>eng; US</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:topicCategory>
        <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>imageryBaseMapsEarthCover</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.2.1350</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:extent>
        <gmd:EX_Extent>
          <gmd:geographicElement>
            <gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
              <gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                <gco:Decimal>-72.1</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:westBoundLongitude>
              <gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                <gco:Decimal>-70.944</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
              <gmd:southBoundLatitude>
                <gco:Decimal>41.016</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:southBoundLatitude>
              <gmd:northBoundLatitude>
                <gco:Decimal>42.126</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:northBoundLatitude>
            </gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
          </gmd:geographicElement>
          <gmd:temporalElement>
            <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="boundingTemporalExtent-1-1">
                  <gml:description>| Currentness: Acquisition date of the NAIP imagery</gml:description>
                  <gml:beginPosition>2016-07-03</gml:beginPosition>
                  <gml:endPosition>2016-07-04</gml:endPosition>
                </gml:TimePeriod>
              </gmd:extent>
            </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
          </gmd:temporalElement>
        </gmd:EX_Extent>
      </gmd:extent>
      <gmd:supplementalInformation>
        <gco:CharacterString>Attributes for this product are as follows:

0 Background,

1 Unclassified (Cloud, Shadow, etc),

2 Impervious,

3 

4 

5 Developed Open Space,

6 Cultivated Land,

7 Pasture/Hay,

8 Grassland,

9 Deciduous Forest,

10 Evergreen Forest,

11 Mixed Forest,

12 Scrub/Shrub,

13 Palustrine Forested Wetland,

14 Palustrine Scrub/Shrub Wetland,

15 Palustrine Emergent Wetland,

16 Estuarine Forested Wetland,

17 Estuarine Scrub/Shrub Wetland,

18 Estuarine Emergent Wetland,

19 Unconsolidated Shore,

20 Bare Land,

21 Open Water,

22 Palustrine Aquatic Bed,

23 Estuarine Aquatic Bed,

24 Tundra,

25 Snow/Ice,

Recommended Citation. NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) Regional Land Cover Database. Data collected 1995-present. Charleston, SC: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office for Coastal Management. Data accessed at coast.noaa.gov/landcover.</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:supplementalInformation>
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      <gmd:distributor>
        <gmd:MD_Distributor>
          <gmd:distributorContact>
            <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
              <gmd:organisationName>
                <gco:CharacterString>NOAA Office for Coastal Management</gco:CharacterString>
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              <gmd:contactInfo>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>(843) 740-1202</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:deliveryPoint>
                        <gco:CharacterString>2234 South Hobson Ave</gco:CharacterString>
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                      <gmd:city>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Charleston</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>SC</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>29405-2413</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>coastal.info@noaa.gov</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:onlineResource>
                    <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                        <gmd:URL>https://coast.noaa.gov</gmd:URL>
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      <gmd:transferOptions>
        <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/landcover/search/where:ID=8916</gmd:URL>
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              <gmd:protocol>
                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
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                <gmd:URL>https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/data/ccaphighres</gmd:URL>
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                <gco:CharacterString>Online Resource</gco:CharacterString>
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  </gmd:distributionInfo>
  <gmd:dataQualityInfo>
    <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
      <gmd:scope>
        <gmd:DQ_Scope>
          <gmd:level>
            <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode" codeListValue="dataset">dataset</gmd:MD_ScopeCode>
          </gmd:level>
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      </gmd:scope>
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          <gmd:nameOfMeasure>
            <gco:CharacterString>Accuracy</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>A total of 502 accuracy assessment sample locations were identified in the 2016 land cover product. These locations were placed via a stratified random sample, based upon the final land cover map. Truth calls were based upon photo-interpretation of these locations compared to high resolution imagery from the same time period. Two separate analysts interpreted each point, with a third making a call where those analysts were not in agreement. A standard error matrix was created and the overall map accuracy was 82.5% based on the primary truth designation, 87.3% if fuzzy designations were included. Fuzzy designations are alternate calls for the truth category where the truth may not have been completely obvious, or where point locations are located so they could possibly be more than one category. Individual land cover class fuzzy accuracies are below, with Class Number Class Name (user's accuracy, producer's accuracy). 0 Background (N/A, N/A), 2 Impervious Developed (93.3, 80.8.9), 5 Developed Open Space (70.7, 78.4), 6 Cultivated Land (92.9, 86.7), 7 Pasture/Hay (90.9, 93.8), 8 Grassland (75.0, 96.0), 09 Deciduous Forest (71.2, 97.4), 10 Evergreen Forest (100, 80.0), 12 Scrub/Shrub (91.7, 66.7), 13 Palustrine Forested Wetland (96.7, 93.5), 14 Palustrine Scrub/Shrub Wetland (88.6, 93.9), 15 Palustrine Emergent Wetland (92.0, 76.7), 18 Estuarine Emergent Wetland (100, 93.3), 19 Unconsolidated Shore (66.7, 100), 20 Bare Land (90.7, 86.7), 21 Open Water (100, 93.5), 22 Palustrine Aquatic Bed (79.2, 100), 23 Estuarine Aquatic Bed (N/A, N/A) 

Data does not exist for all classes. There are no pixels representing class 1 (Unclassified), 11 (Mixed Forest), 16 (Estuarine Forested Wetland), 17 (Estuarine Scrub/Shrub Wetland), 24 (Tundra), 25 (Perennial Ice/Snow), 26 (Dwarf Scrub - Alaska specific class), 27 (Sedge/Herbaceous), and 28 (Moss - Alaska specific). Developed classes have been altered to exclude the percentage breakdown of impervious surfaces as the breakdown is not appropriate for high resolution mapping (Developed High Intensity (2), Developed Medium Intensity (3), and Developed Low Intensity (4) are reduced to Impervious (Class 2)).</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_QuantitativeAttributeAccuracy>
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          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>Data does not exist for all classes.
There are no pixels representing class 11 (Mixed Forest), 24 (Tundra), 25 (Perennial Ice/Snow), 26 (Dwarf Scrub - Alaska specific class), 27 (Sedge/Herbaceous), and 28 (Moss - Alaska specific).  Developed classes have been altered to exclude the percentage breakdown of impervious surfaces as the breakdown is not appropriate for high resolution mapping (Developed High Intensity (2), Developed Medium Intensity (3), and Developed Low Intensity (4) are reduced to Impervious (Class 2)).</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_CompletenessCommission>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_ConceptualConsistency>
          <gmd:nameOfMeasure>
            <gco:CharacterString>Conceptual Consistency</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:nameOfMeasure>
          <gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
            <gco:CharacterString>Tests for logical consistency indicate that all row and column positions in the selected latitude/longitude window contain data. Conversion and integration with vector files indicates that all positions are consistent with earth coordinates covering the same area. Attribute files are logically consistent.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:evaluationMethodDescription>
          <gmd:result gco:nilReason="missing" />
        </gmd:DQ_ConceptualConsistency>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:lineage>
        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:statement gco:nilReason="missing" />
          <gmd:processStep>
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>This dataset was created by EarthDefine (https://www.earthdefine.com/) for NOAA's Ocean Service, Office for Coastal Management (OCM).

Random Forest Classification:  

The first phase of the production effort involved the development of an initial 1m spatial resolution 6 class high resolution land cover product using a Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) processing framework. This involves taking each image to be classified and grouping the pixels based on spectral and spatial properties into regions of homogeneity called objects. The resulting objects are the primary units for analysis. Additionally, these objects introduce additional spectral, shape, textural and contextual information into the mapping process and are utilized as independent variables in a supervised classification. Each object is labeled using a Random Forest Classifier which is ensemble version of a Decision Tree. Training data for the initial 6 classes (Herbaceous, Bare, Impervious, Water, Forest and Shrub) were generated through photo interpretation. The resulting Random Forest model was applied to the input data sets to create the initial automated map. After completion of the initial 6 class land cover product, additional C-CAP classes were incorporated into it by EarthDefine. Below are brief descriptions of how these classes were derived.

Agriculture:

Cultivated land and Pasture/Hay features were incorporated into the grassland category of the initial 6 class land cover product through a modeling process which relied on multiple dates of imagery as well as the USDA Common Land Unit (CLU) boundaries.

Wetlands:

Wetlands were derived through a modeling process which used ancillary data such as Soils (SSURGO), the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) and topographic derivatives. Forest, shrub and grassland objects within the initial land cover that exhibited hydric characteristics based on the input ancillary layers were designated to their appropriate wetland category. Additionally, a 2012 high resolution salt marsh habitat data set acquired from the Rhode Island Geographic Information System (RIGIS) was used to derive estuarine land cover classes.

Open Space Developed:

Managed grasses and other low lying vegetation associated with development were derived using land use and parcel data sets available from the RIGIS. Grassland features in the land cover data that intersected selected land use polygons were designated as Open Space Developed (OSD). Additional clean-up was performed to remove speckle and slivers

Deciduous and Evergreen Forest:

The availability of leaf-off imagery data set made it possible to subdivide the Upland Forest into Evergreen and Deciduous. Normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI) were used in conjunction with the rest of the spectral data to separate these two forest categories in a raster-based environment.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
              <gmd:dateTime>
                <gco:DateTime>2019-11-01T00:00:00</gco:DateTime>
              </gmd:dateTime>
            </gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
          </gmd:processStep>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
</gmi:MI_Metadata>